Hopi Hoekstra

Question 1

video analyzes what

Answer 1

how changes in genes actually produce variation in phenotype on which NS acts

Question 2

Darwin was wrong about what

Answer 2

the mechanism of evolutionary change of how organisms adapt to their environment

he knew traits were inherited but didn’t know how

Question 3

Darwin’s last publication

Answer 3

• “on the dispersal of freshwater bivalves”
• report on finding freshwater beetle with a clam stuck to it, theory: was how cockles (clams) travel from lake to lake and why they were so similar in appearance
• Walter crick (Jim Watsons (dna guy) grandpa) sent Darwin a beetle and clam

Question 4

DNA coding is evidence of Darwins great theory , 3 main ideas

Answer 4

a) 3 billion year existence

b) shared evolutionary history of all living organisms

c) the mechanistic basis for evolutionary change

HOW IS VARIATION GENERATED? = DNA

Question 5

are adaptive alleles/mutations recessive or dominant

Answer 5

• JBS Haldane argued that they were dominant because theyre visible to selection and can spread quicker

REASONING:
*adaptive alleles tend to be dominant
= when they first appear they are visible to selection and can quickly spread where recessive mutations have to build up enough number in a population to be contained in the same individual

Question 6

how is diversity generated and maintained

Answer 6

• the answer is the genetic code (discovered by Watson and crick)
• ## changes in gene produce variation in phenotypes on which NS can act

How many + what are the effect sizes of genes that contribute to adaptive phenotypes
= small changes/mutations
= large changes/mutations

Question 7

adaptation flowchart

Answer 7

genotype —- phenotype
(via genetics, development)

phenotype= behaviour, morphology, physiology

phenotype — environment (natural selection)

SECOND VERSION

genotype—behaviour
(via genetics and neurobiology)
behaviour—-environment (natural selection)

Question 8

deer mice

Answer 8

• found in almost all habitat types
• most abundant mammal in NA
• lots of opportunities for local adaptation
• can be used like lab mice for ctrlled experiments
• we have lots of history on their ecology and we can describe their change in behaviour, morphology, and physiology [i.e. burrowing behaviour]

= genetic + genomic tools can be used to try to make connections between phenotype and genotype