Honor Bio 5.1

Question 1

What is the position of a proton?

Answer 1

In the nucleus of an atom.

Question 2

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 2

Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

Question 3

What is the charge of a proton?

Answer 3

Positive (+1).

Question 4

What is the function of a proton?

Answer 4

Determines the atomic number and identity of an element.

Question 5

What is the position of a neutron?

Answer 5

In the nucleus of an atom.

Question 6

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 6

Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).

Question 7

What is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 7

Neutral (0).

Question 8

What is the function of a neutron?

Answer 8

Contributes to the mass of the atom and stabilizes the nucleus.

Question 9

What is the position of an electron?

Answer 9

In the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Question 10

What is the mass of an electron?

Answer 10

Approximately 1/1836 of an atomic mass unit (negligible).

Question 11

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 11

Negative (-1).

Question 12

What is the function of an electron?

Answer 12

Involved in chemical bonding and determines the atom’s reactivity.

Question 13

What is the definition of an isotope?

Answer 13

Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 14

What type of charges attract each other?

Answer 14

Opposite charges (positive and negative) attract.

Question 15

What type of charges repel each other?

Answer 15

Like charges (positive-positive or negative-negative) repel.

Question 16

What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount of charge?

Answer 16

Coulombic attraction increases as the amount of charge increases.

Question 17

What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and distance?

Answer 17

Coulombic attraction decreases as the distance between charges increases.

Question 18

What is the definition of electronegativity?

Answer 18

The tendency of an atom to attract electrons when forming a chemical bond.

Question 19

Determine the atomic mass, element, and ion charge of an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 4 electrons.

Answer 19

Carbon (C), atomic mass = 12, ion charge = +2.

Question 20

Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for an oxygen atom with an atomic mass of 17 and a -2 ion charge.

Answer 20

Protons = 8, Neutrons = 9, Electrons = 10.

Question 21

Why can isotopes be useful in scientific research?

Answer 21

Isotopes can be used as tracers in biochemical experiments, in medical imaging, and to date archaeological samples due to their unique properties.

Question 22

Pick which atom has a stronger attraction for valence electrons: Sodium (Na) or Chlorine (Cl), and explain why.

Answer 22

Chlorine (Cl) has a stronger attraction for valence electrons because it has a higher nuclear charge and smaller atomic radius, leading to greater electronegativity.

Question 23

Pick which atom has a higher electronegativity: Oxygen (O) or Sulfur (S), and explain why.

Answer 23

Oxygen (O) has a higher electronegativity than sulfur (S) because it is smaller in size, resulting in a stronger pull on electrons due to a shorter distance from the nucleus.

Question 24

Explain the reasoning behind why coulombic attraction decreases with distance.

Answer 24

Coulombic attraction follows an inverse-square law, meaning that as the distance between charges increases, the force of attraction weakens exponentially.

Question 25

What would be the ion charge of an atom with 13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 10 electrons?

Answer 25

The atom would have a +3 ion charge (element: Aluminum, Al).