Honor Bio 5.1 Flashcards
What is the position of a proton?
In the nucleus of an atom.
What is the mass of a proton?
Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
What is the charge of a proton?
Positive (+1).
What is the function of a proton?
Determines the atomic number and identity of an element.
What is the position of a neutron?
In the nucleus of an atom.
What is the mass of a neutron?
Approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu).
What is the charge of a neutron?
Neutral (0).
What is the function of a neutron?
Contributes to the mass of the atom and stabilizes the nucleus.
What is the position of an electron?
In the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.
What is the mass of an electron?
Approximately 1/1836 of an atomic mass unit (negligible).
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative (-1).
What is the function of an electron?
Involved in chemical bonding and determines the atom’s reactivity.
What is the definition of an isotope?
Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What type of charges attract each other?
Opposite charges (positive and negative) attract.
What type of charges repel each other?
Like charges (positive-positive or negative-negative) repel.
What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and the amount of charge?
Coulombic attraction increases as the amount of charge increases.
What is the relationship between coulombic attraction and distance?
Coulombic attraction decreases as the distance between charges increases.
What is the definition of electronegativity?
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons when forming a chemical bond.
Determine the atomic mass, element, and ion charge of an atom with 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 4 electrons.
Carbon (C), atomic mass = 12, ion charge = +2.
Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for an oxygen atom with an atomic mass of 17 and a -2 ion charge.
Protons = 8, Neutrons = 9, Electrons = 10.
Why can isotopes be useful in scientific research?
Isotopes can be used as tracers in biochemical experiments, in medical imaging, and to date archaeological samples due to their unique properties.
Pick which atom has a stronger attraction for valence electrons: Sodium (Na) or Chlorine (Cl), and explain why.
Chlorine (Cl) has a stronger attraction for valence electrons because it has a higher nuclear charge and smaller atomic radius, leading to greater electronegativity.
Pick which atom has a higher electronegativity: Oxygen (O) or Sulfur (S), and explain why.
Oxygen (O) has a higher electronegativity than sulfur (S) because it is smaller in size, resulting in a stronger pull on electrons due to a shorter distance from the nucleus.
Explain the reasoning behind why coulombic attraction decreases with distance.
Coulombic attraction follows an inverse-square law, meaning that as the distance between charges increases, the force of attraction weakens exponentially.
