Honor Bio 4.1 Flashcards
What is productivity in an ecosystem?
Productivity refers to the rate at which energy is converted by photosynthetic organisms to organic substances.
What is biomass?
Biomass is the total mass of organisms in a given area or volume.
What is efficiency in terms of energy transfer?
Efficiency is the percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next.
What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis?
Inputs are sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water; outputs are glucose and oxygen.
What are the inputs and outputs of respiration?
Inputs are glucose and oxygen; outputs are carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
What types of organisms perform photosynthesis?
Plants, algae, and some bacteria.
What types of organisms perform cellular respiration?
Almost all organisms, including plants, animals, fungi, and many microorganisms.
What does a pyramid of energy show?
The energy available at each trophic level, always decreasing as you move up the pyramid.
What does a pyramid of numbers show?
The number of organisms at each trophic level, which can vary in shape based on ecosystem type.
What does a pyramid of biomass show?
The total biomass at each trophic level, usually decreasing as you move up the pyramid.
Apply the rule of 10 to an energy pyramid starting with 1000 kJ at the producer level. How much energy is available at each subsequent trophic level?
Producer (1000 kJ) → Primary consumer (100 kJ) → Secondary consumer (10 kJ) → Tertiary consumer (1 kJ).
Explain why it is more efficient to eat at a lower trophic level than a higher one.
Eating at a lower trophic level requires less energy because less energy is lost through metabolic processes and transfers at each trophic level.
Predict how the amount of solar energy in a location might affect productivity.
Higher solar energy increases productivity as it provides more energy for photosynthesis, leading to greater primary production.
