Honor Bio 10.3

Question 1

What is meiosis?

Answer 1

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing 4 haploid gametes.

Question 2

What are homologous chromosomes?

Answer 2

A pair of chromosomes (one from each parent) that have the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 3

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 3

Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere, formed during DNA replication.

Question 4

What is fertilization?

Answer 4

The fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg) to form zygote

Question 5

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

Reproduction without the fusion of gametes, producing genetically identical offspring

Question 6

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Reproduction involving the fusion of two gametes, resulting in genetically unique offspring.

Question 7

What is a gamete

Answer 7

A haloid cell that participates in fertilization

Question 8

What is a somatic cell

Answer 8

A body cell that is diploid and not involved in reproduction

Question 9

What does haploid mean

Answer 9

A cell with one complete set of chromosomes

Question 10

What does diploid mean

Answer 10

A cell with two complete sets of chromosomes

Question 11

How to differentiate haploid and diploid

Question 12

What is a tetrad

Answer 12

A group of 4 chromatids formed by the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis 1

Question 13

What is synapsis

Answer 13

The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Question 14

What is crossing over?

Answer 14

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase 1, increasing genetic variation

Question 15

what is independent assortment

Answer 15

The random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during metaphase 1

Question 16

What is the correct order of meiosis states?

Answer 16

Prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anapaahse 2, telophase 2

Question 17

When is the chromosome number reduced by half

Answer 17

during anaphase 1

Question 18

what are sources of genetic variation in meiosis

Answer 18

crossing over and independent assortment

Question 19

What each phase of meiosis looks like
Prophase 1

Answer 19

Homologous chromosomes pair and cross over

Question 20

What each phase of meiosis looks like
metaphase 1

Answer 20

tetrads align at the center

Question 21

What each phase of meiosis looks like
anaphase 1

Answer 21

homologous chromosomes separate

Question 22

What each phase of meiosis looks like
telophase 1

Answer 22

2 individual cells form

Question 23

What each phase of meiosis looks like
prophase 2

Answer 23

chromosomes condense again, no cross over

Question 24

What each phase of meiosis looks like
metaphase 2

Answer 24

chromosomes line up in middle

Question 25

What each phase of meiosis looks like anaphase 2

Answer 25

sister chromatids separate

Question 26

What each phase of meiosis looks like telophase 2

Answer 26

4 cells with genetically unique haploid cells form

Question 27

compare and contrast of mitosis and meiosios

Answer 27

mitosis gets one division, results in two identical diploid cells, no crossing over, used for repair and growth, samatic cell meiosis gets two divisions, results in four unique haploid cells, crosses over and independent assortment

Question 28

Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction.

Answer 28

Asexual: One parent, no genetic variation, faster, all offspring are clones. Sexual: Two parents, genetic variation, slower, offspring are genetically unique.