homework week 4 quiz

Question 1

As intracranial pressure rises:
Select one:
a. the heart rate acutely increases.
b. the brain becomes hypocarbic.
c. brainstem herniation may occur. 
d. mean arterial pressure decreases.

Answer 1

c. brainstem herniation may occur.

Question 2

What type of tremor occurs when a body part is placed in a particular position and required to maintain that position for a long period of time?
Select one:
a. Rest
b. Postural 
c. Intention
d. Jacksonian

Answer 2

b. Postural

Question 3

In contrast to patients in shock, patients with increased intracranial pressure MOST often experience:
Select one:
a. systolic hypotension.
b. an increased diastolic blood pressure.
c. a widened pulse pressure.
d. tachycardia and tachypnea.

Answer 3

c. a widened pulse pressure.

Question 4

Which of the following would MOST likely cause a sustained increase in intracranial pressure?
Select one:
a. Bearing down
b. Frequent coughing
c. Projectile vomiting
d. Intracranial tumor

Answer 4

d. Intracranial tumor

Question 5

Management for a patient with a neurologic emergency begins by:
Select one:
a. ensuring that the patient’s airway remains patent.
b. taking deliberate actions to ensure personal safety.
c. determining the degree of neurologic impairment.
d. protecting the patient from further injury or harm.

Answer 5

b. taking deliberate actions to ensure personal safety.

Question 6

A person's level of consciousness is regulated by the:
Select one:
a. diencephalon.
b. cerebral cortex.
c. occipital lobe of the brain.
d. reticular activating system.

Answer 6

d. reticular activating system.

Question 7

Patients with trismus often require:
Select one:
a. premedication with lidocaine before being intubated.
b. hyperventilation to reduce severe intracranial pressure.
c. sedation or chemical paralysis to facilitate airway control.
d. immediate tracheal intubation before the airway swells shut.

Answer 7

c. sedation or chemical paralysis to facilitate airway control.

Question 8

Which of the following would have the MOST negative effect on the outcome of a patient with an intracranial hemorrhage?
Select one:
a. Hypotension 
b. Tachycardia
c. Hypertension
d. Slow rise in intracranial pressure

Answer 8

a. Hypotension

Question 9

A neoplasm is MOST accurately defined as aNo:
Select one:
a. normal cell.
b. abnormal growth. 
c. damaged cell.
d. cancerous tumor.

Answer 9

b. abnormal growth.

Question 10

What is the cerebral perfusion pressure of a patient with a mean arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg and an intracranial pressure of 5 mm Hg?
Select one:
a. 60 mm Hg
b. 75 mm Hg 
c. 90 mm Hg
d. 95 mm Hg

Answer 10

b. 75 mm Hg

Question 11

The MOST immediate and significant complication associated with a hemorrhagic stroke is:
Select one:
a. acute hypovolemic shock.
b. hypertension and bradycardia.
c. mean arterial pressure increase.
d. increased intracranial pressure.

Answer 11

d. increased intracranial pressure.

Question 12

When neurons are deprived of oxygen and glucose:
Select one:
a. they convert to anaerobic metabolism.
b. they produce alkalotic waste products.
c. spontaneous intracerebral bleeding occurs.
d. the process of neuronal regeneration begins.

Answer 12

a. they convert to anaerobic metabolism.

Question 13

For any patient with an increase in intracranial pressure, the paramedic must:
Select one:
a. avoid administering IV fluid boluses.
b. give glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.
c. maintain an adequate blood pressure.
d. take measures to lower blood pressure.

Answer 13

c. maintain an adequate blood pressure.

Question 14

Hyperventilating a patient who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP) will:
Select one:
a. dilate the cerebral vasculature and cause further increases in ICP.
b. constrict the cerebral vasculature and decrease cerebral perfusion.
c. increase the carbon dioxide levels in the brain through vasodilation.
d. decrease ICP and maintain adequate cerebral perfusion.

Answer 14

b. constrict the cerebral vasculature and decrease cerebral perfusion.

Question 15

Decerebrate posturing:
Select one:
a. is characterized by abnormal flexion of the arms and extension of the lower extremities.
b. is considered less severe than decorticate posturing, because it indicates that the brainstem is intact.
c. is an early clinical finding, because it occurs with minimal increases in intracranial pressure.
d. is a more severe finding than decorticate posturing, as it indicates damage in or near the brainstem.

Answer 15

d. is a more severe finding than decorticate posturing, as it indicates damage in or near the brainstem.

Question 16

The MOST common sign of an infectious disease of the nervous system is the presence of:
Select one:
a. a fever. 
b. seizures.
c. a headache.
d. tachycardia.

Answer 16

a. a fever.

Question 17

The portion of the neuron where the nucleus resides and protein synthesis occurs is the:
Select one:
a. axon.
b. dendrite.
c. synapse.
d. cell body.

Answer 17

d. cell body.

Question 18

Common reality is defined as:
Select one:
a. one person’s perception of his or her surroundings.
b. a perceived thought that is not based on reality.
c. minimal shared reality between two individuals.
d. sensory stimulation that can be confirmed by others.

Answer 18

d. sensory stimulation that can be confirmed by others.

Question 19

The peripheral nervous system is responsible for:
Select one:
a. memory, understanding, and thought processes.
b. feeling and autonomic sensory and motor functions.
c. thought, perception, and voluntary motor functions.
d. sending messages to and receiving messages from the brain.

Answer 19

d. sending messages to and receiving messages from the brain.

Question 20

Prehospital treatment for a patient with a suspected stroke may include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. 30° elevation of the head.
b. diazepam or lorazepam.
c. up to 325 mg of aspirin. 
d. crystalloid fluid boluses.

Answer 20

c. up to 325 mg of aspirin.

Question 21

In contrast to a benign neoplasm, a malignant neoplasm:
Select one:
a. is relatively easy to remove surgically.
b. can metastasize to other parts of the body.
c. results in death in the vast majority of cases.
d. remains within a capsule and grows minimally.

Answer 21

b. can metastasize to other parts of the body,

Question 22

Components of the diencephalon include the:
Select one:
a. pons and medulla.
b. brainstem and midbrain.
c. thalamus and hypothalamus.
d. cerebellum and cerebral cortex.

Answer 22

c. thalamus and hypothalamus.

Question 23

All of the following are examples of acute cerebrovascular emergencies, EXCEPT:
Select one:
a. embolic blockage of a cerebral artery.
b. accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque.
c. rupture of a cerebral arterial aneurysm.
d. stroke secondary to thrombus rupture.

Answer 23

b. accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque.

Question 24

All of the following cranial nerves are responsible for airway control, EXCEPT the:
Select one:
a. abducens. 
b. trigeminal.
c. hypoglossal.
d. glossopharyngeal.

Answer 24

a. abduces.

Question 25

Myelin functions by:
Select one:
a. allowing the neuron to send its signal consistently along the axon without losing its electricity.
b. insulating the neuron, thus decreasing the speed of electrical conduction between two neurons.
c. covering the neurons in the body that do not require rapid conduction of an electrical impulse.
d. briefly delaying the conduction of an electrical impulse between the synaptic cleft and dendrite.

Answer 25

a. allowing the neuron to send its signal consistently along the axon without losing its electricity.