homework week 2 quiz

Question 1

24. Paradoxical respiratory movement is characterized by:
    Select one:
    a. the epigastrium and thorax moving in opposite directions.
    b. bulging of the intercostal muscles during deep inhalation.
    c. pulling upward of the suprasternal notch during inhalation.
    d. a marked decrease in movement in one of the hemithoraces.

Answer 1

a. the epigastrium and thorax moving in opposite directions.

Question 2

5. What type of medication is montelukast (Singulair)?
Select one:
a. Selective beta-2 agonist 
b. Leukotriene blocker
c. Corticosterioid
d. Glucocorticoid

Answer 2

b. Leukotriene blocker

Question 3

10. Which of the following conditions would MOST likely cause hyperpnea?
Select one:
a. Hypoglycemia
b. Heroin overdose
c. Increased intracranial pressure 
d. Cardiac arrest

Answer 3

c. Increased intracranial pressure

Question 4

6. Polycythemia is a condition in which:
   Select one:
   a. excess red blood cells are produced in response to chronic hypoxia.
   b. an abundance of red blood cells causes severe thinning of the blood.
   c. fewer red blood cells are produced, resulting in decreased oxygenation.
   d. increased platelet production causes the blood to become abnormally thick.

Answer 4

a. excess red blood cells are produced in response to chronic hypoxia.

Question 5

19. A patient with orthopnea:
    Select one:
    a. seeks a sitting position when short of breath.
    b. is awakened from sleep with severe dyspnea.
    c. prefers to lie flat in order to facilitate breathing.
    d. generally has a slow, shallow respiratory pattern.

Answer 5

a. seeks a sitting position when short of breath.

Question 6

2. What type of medication can cause thick sputum?
Select one:
a. Diuretic
b. Antibiotic
c. Antipyretic
d. Antihistamine

Answer 6

d. Antihistamine

Question 7

26. An otherwise healthy adult whose normal hemoglobin level is 12 to 14 g/dL typically will begin to exhibit cyanosis when:
    Select one:
    a. hemoglobin levels fall below 12 g/dL.
    b. about 5 g/dL of hemoglobin is desaturated.
    c. her or his oxygen saturation falls below 50%.
    d. 10% of her or his hemoglobin is de

Answer 7

b. about 5 g/ dL of hemoglobin is desaturated.

Question 8

7. Cor pulmonale is defined as:
   Select one:
   a. increased preload caused by severe hypertension.
   b. left-sided heart failure secondary to mitral valve damage.
   c. rupture of the alveoli due to increased surface tension.
   d. right-sided heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease.

Answer 8

d. right-sided heart failure secondary to chronic lung disease.

Question 9

14. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ respirations are characterized by a grossly irregular pattern of breathing that may be accompanied by lengthy periods of apnea.
Select one:
a. Biot
b. Agonal
c. Eupneic
d. Cheyne-Stokes

Answer 9

a. Biot

Question 10

27. The MOST clinically significant finding when questioning a patient with a chronic respiratory disease is:
    Select one:
    a. medication use prior to your arrival.
    b. a recent medication regimen change.
    c. a recent emergency department visit.
    d. prior intubation for the same problem.

Answer 10

d. prior intubation for the same problem.

Question 11

23. Retractions of the sternum or ribs during inhalation:
    Select one:
    a. are common in patients with emphysema.
    b. are signs of acute respiratory failure in adults.
    c. occur when soft tissue is pulled in around the bones.
    d. are especially common in infants and small children.

Answer 11

d. are especially common in infants and small children.

Question 12

15. An unresponsive patient who overdosed on a central nervous system depressant drug would be expected to have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ respirations.
Select one:
a. eupneic
b. hyperpneic
c. bradypneic 
d. Kussmaul

Answer 12

c. bradypneic.

Question 13

18. If a patient's hemoglobin level is only 10 g/dL, \_\_\_ % would have to be desaturated before he or she would appear cyanotic.
Select one:
a. 10 
b. 25
c. 30
d. 50

Answer 13

d. 50

Question 14

25. A patient with quiet tachypnea suggests:
Select one:
a. shock. 
b. asthma.
c. alkalosis.
d. airway swelling.

Answer 14

a. shock.

Question 15

20. The barrel-chest appearance classically seen in emphysemic patients is secondary to:
Select one:
a. widespread atelectasis.
b. chest wall hypertrophy.
c. air trapping in the lungs. 
d. carbon dioxide retention.

Answer 15

c. air trapping in the lungs.

Question 16

11. In contrast to negative-pressure ventilation, positive-pressure ventilation:
    Select one:
    a. is the forcing of air into the lungs.
    b. occurs when the diaphragm descends.
    c. is provided with a nonrebreathing mask.
    d. can only be provided to intubated patients.

Answer 16

a. is the forcing of air into the lungs.

Question 17

22. A patient with respiratory distress who is willing to lie flat:
Select one:
a. should be intubated at once.
b. may be acutely deteriorating. 
c. has minimal fluid in the lungs.
d. likely has basilar pneumonia.

Answer 17

b. may be acutely deteriorating.

Question 18

9. Hypoventilating patients:
Select one:
a. eliminate too much carbon dioxide.
b. become hypercapneic and acidotic.
c. experience an increase in blood pH. 
d. typically do not have an open airway.

Answer 18

b. become hypercapneic and acidotic.

Question 19

17. Respiratory alkalosis is the result of:
Select one:
a. carbon dioxide retention. 
b. slow and shallow respirations.
c. increased hydrogen ion production.
d. excess carbon dioxide elimination.

Answer 19

d. excess carbon dioxide elimination.

Question 20

21. If a patient’s initial presentation makes you suspicious about a particular respiratory condition, you must:
    Select one:
    a. begin immediate treatment based on your suspicion.
    b. make your field impression based on the presentation.
    c. confirm your suspicions with a thorough assessment.
    d. immediately perform a focused physical examination.

Answer 20

c. confirm your suspicions with a thorough assessment.

Question 21

12. Difficulty with exhalation is MOST characteristic of:
Select one:
a. supraglottic swelling. 
b. upper airway obstruction.
c. a mild asthma attack.
d. obstructive lung disease.

Answer 21

d. obstructive lung disease.

Question 22

8. A patent airway:
   Select one:
   a. is evidenced by visible chest rise.
   b. should be prophylactically suctioned.
   c. does not equate to adequate ventilation.
   d. is characterized by adequate tidal volume.

Answer 22

c. does not equate to adequate ventilation.

Question 23

13. Apneustic breathing is characterized by:
    Select one:
    a. a sustained pattern of tachypnea and increased tidal volume.
    b. a prolonged inspiratory hold that resembles a fish breathing.
    c. regular respirations with a normal rate and adequate tidal volume.
    d. a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of breathing with apneic periods.

Answer 23

b. a prolonged inspiratory hold that resembles a fish breathing.

Question 24

16. In which situation would Cheyne-Stokes respirations be considered an ominous finding?
Select one:
a. Alcohol intoxication
b. Traumatic brain injury 
c. Obstructive sleep apnea
d. Apneic periods less than 5 seconds

Answer 24

b. Traumatic brain injury

Question 25

1. The mainstem bronchus ends at the level of the:
Select one:
a. lobar bronchi.
b. bronchioles. 
c. segmental bronchi.
d. subsegmental bronchi.

Answer 25

b. bronchioles.