Homework 6 Flashcards
Holin and Lysin are at … in the lytic phage replication cycle. If a phage acquired a silent mutation in the open reading frame of the holin gene, the phage would most likely …
late stage genes, replicate without any effects on phage levels
If the phage DNAase was expressed late in the infection cycle, the number of infectious phage particles would most likely…and the number of transducing partiles would …These transducing particles would most likely be capable of
decrease, increase, generalized trasnduction
Which of the cellular components below may function as a unique receptor for bacteriophage capsid binding to a Gram positive cell but not a Gram negative cell during infection?
peptidoglycan, teichoic acid
When foreign DNA enters into a bacterial cell through transformation, conjugation or transduction, the DNA must become associated with which of the following to be vertically transmitted to the progeny of the cell? More than one may be selected.
an origin of replication, a plasmid, the recipient cells chromosome
You have two bacterial strains in the laboratory. Strain A is resistant to the antibiotic Gentamicin and Strain B is sensitive. You mix the two bacteria and grow them together on an agar plate. The next morning you isolate Strain B and determine it has become resistant to Gentamicin. To determine which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer is responsible for this observation, you first repeat the experiment and find that if the bacteria are cultured together in a shaking flask, Strain B still becomes antibiotic resistant. Which of the following is least likely to be responsible for drug resistance in Strain B?
conjugation
To further determine which form of HGT is responsible for your observations you sterile filter a culture of Strain A and expose Strain B to the spent media and Strain B again becomes antibiotic resistant. Which of the following forms of HGT may be responsible for your observations? Multiple may be selected.
transformation or transduction
Addition of which enzyme to the culture supernatant from Strain A would allow you to determine the mechanism of HGT for Strain B antibiotic resistance?
DNAse
what is the function of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
proteins a person is born with to detect microbial invaders
what is the function of microbial associated molecular patters (MAMPs)
conserved microbial components that trigger cytokine production
what is the function of TLRs
membrane embedded proteins that detect foreign microbes
what is the function of NLRs
cytosolic proteins that detect foreign microbes
what is the function of ROS
toxic reactive metabolites produced by phagotcytes to kill invading microbes
