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Lecture Exam 5 > Homework 13 > Flashcards

Homework 13 Flashcards

1
Q

The Krebs cycle and electron transport system make up this type of respiration

A

Cellular respiration

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2
Q

Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across membranes between the alveoli and blood and between the blood and body cells makes up this type of respiration

A

External respiration

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3
Q

The mechanics of breathing is technically called

A

Ventilation

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4
Q

Similar to the arterioles in the cardiovascular system these structures of the respiratory system can constrict and dilate to adjust air flow as needed

A

Bronchioles

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5
Q

These are alveolar cells are responsible for producing surfactant

A

Type II alveolar

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6
Q

This law states that the sum of the pressure of a mixed gas is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases in the mix

A

Dalton’s law

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7
Q

As volume increases pressure decreases and vice-versa this statement is the basis of this law

A

Boyle’s law

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8
Q

If atmospheric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure what will occur

A

Inspiration

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9
Q

These alveolar cells are the location for the movement of gases between the blood and the lungs

A

Type 1 alveolar

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10
Q

Increased respiration that matches an increase in metabolism as seen during exercise is called

A

Hyperpnea

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11
Q

Atmospheric air contains this percentage of oxygen

A

21%

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12
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is approximately _____ mmHg

A

100

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13
Q

The partial pressure of oxygen in Venous blood (systemic) of a resting individual is approximately _____ mmHg

A

40

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14
Q

The partial pressure of CO2 in systemic arterial blood is approximately _____ mmHg

A

40

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15
Q

The partial pressure of CO2 in the blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit is approximately _____%

A

46%

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16
Q

Are found in each lung and Branch repeatedly into progressively smaller and smaller branches

A

Bronchi

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17
Q

Increase resistance to airflow decrease the amount of fresh air that reaches alveoli is called

A

Bronchioconstriction

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18
Q

Decreased resistance of airflow most often caused by paracrine signaling molecule CO2

A

Bronchodilation

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19
Q

Exhalation, movement of air out of the lungs

A

Expiration

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20
Q

Increased respiratory rate and or volume without increased metabolism (example blowing up a balloon)

A

Hyperventilation

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21
Q

Decreased alveolar ventilation (shallow breathing, asthma, restrictive lung disease)

A

Hypoventilation

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22
Q

Gases move from one place to another based on the _____ gradient

A

Pressure

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23
Q

The extent to which a gas dissolved in solutions reflects the _____ of the gas

A

Solubility

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24
Q

Gases move across cell membranes by this process

A

Simple diffusion

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25
Q

Most oxygen is transported in the blood as

A

Oxyhemoglobin

26
Q

Most carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as

A

Bicarbonate

27
Q

The name given to a hemoglobin with CO2 attached is

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

28
Q

The strength of the attraction between a protein (ex hemoglobin —> oxygen) and it’s Ligand is called

A

Affinity

29
Q

The unbinding of a ligand from a protein is called

A

Dissociation

30
Q

The degree to which a protein is full of its ligand is called

A

Saturation

31
Q

As affinity increases dissociation _____ (increase or decrease)

A

Decreases

32
Q

As dissociation increases saturation _____ (increases or decreases)

A

decreases

33
Q

Decreased acidity (increases or decreases) dissociation of hbo2

A

Decreases

34
Q

Increased temperature (increases or decreases) saturation of hbo2

A

Decreases

35
Q

Increase 2, 3 DPG will (increase or decrease) association of hbo2

A

Increases

36
Q

Increased pco2 (increases or decreases) saturation of hbo2

A

Decreases

37
Q

This is the complex formed within red blood cells when hemoglobin is exposed to carbon monoxide

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

38
Q

Of the factors that affect diffusion this one is most affected in someone with emphysema

A

Surface area

39
Q

This diffusion related factor is negatively affected in pulmonary edema

A

Diffusion distance

40
Q

Fibrotic lung disease is one example in which this Factor related to diffusion is negatively affected

A

Membrane thickness

41
Q

This enzyme is essential for the transport of carbon dioxide in the blood

A

Carbonic anhydrase

42
Q

This type of hypoxia results when there is reduced blood flow to an area

A

Ischemic

43
Q

The elevated amounts of carbon dioxide above normal is called

A

Hypercapnia

44
Q

The integrating center for regulating ventilation is

A

Medulla oblongata

45
Q

This type of receptor will detect the levels of CO2 O2 or hydrogen ions in the blood of cerebrospinal fluid

A

Chemoreceptors

46
Q

The efferent pathway in a feedback loop involving ventilation will be

A

Somatic motor neuron

47
Q

_____ Cells are The receptors for oxygen in the carotid body

A

Glomus

48
Q

This is the medical term for toxic to tissues

A

Histotoxic

49
Q

A decrease in alveolar and blood carbon dioxide levels below the normal reference range of 35 mmHg is called

A

Hypocapnia

50
Q

What step would this be in a feedback loop

Somatic motor neuron

A

Efferent pathway

51
Q

What step would this be in a feedback loop involving respiratory system

Smooth muscle cells of the bronchioles

A

Effector

52
Q

What step would this be in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system

Skeletal muscle cells of the diaphragm

A

Effector

53
Q

What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system

Sensory neurons

A

Afferent pathway

54
Q

What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system

Parasympathetic neurons

A

Efferent pathway

55
Q

What step with this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory

Medulla oblongata

A

Integrating center

56
Q

What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system

Interneurons

A

Afferent pathway

57
Q

What step in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system with this represent

Increased rate and depth of ventilation

A

Effectors action

58
Q

What step would this represent in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system

Epinephrine in the bloodstream

A

Efferent pathway

59
Q

What step in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system with this

Chemoreceptors in the aorta and carotid artery

A

Sensor

60
Q

What step in a feedback loop involving the respiratory system with this represent

Bronchioconstriction

A

Effectors action

Lecture Exam 5 (5 decks)

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