Homework 1 Flashcards
What is the first line of defense against infection
unbroken skin and mucosal membranes
What is active immuntiy
Immune response triggered by infection or vaccination
The term delated hypsersensitivity is often used synonymously with
cell-mediated immunity
What are the components of the natural immune system
Inborn resistance.
phagocytes
complement
acute inflammatory response
Another term for “antigenic determinant” is
epitope
Antigenic substances are usually composed of
proteins, peptides, or large polysaccharides
What are important characteristics of an antigen
foreignness
degradability
molecular weight
structural stability
complexity
What substances can act as an antigen triggering an immune response
immunogens such as
viruses
bacteria
fungus
parasite
portion of a product (cell wall, capsule, endotoxin)
Tissue or cells from another individual
The chemical composition of an antibody is
proteins or large polysaccharides
Compare and contrast cell mediated immunity with humoral immunity
Cell mediated immunity:
delayed hypersensitivity
T-cells and phagocytes
cell-to-cell contact
Humoral immunity:
B-lymph
antibody mediated
defends against bacterial infection
Give two examples of passive immunity
Antibodies pass through the placenta
antibody containing serum (Rhogam)
There are two ways a person can have adaptive immunity. Name them
Infection or vaccination
List the forms of vaccinations
weak or attenuated cells
killed cells or viruses
extracted bacterial products
may contain only a portion of infectious agent
The primary antibody response is
lag, log, plateau, decline
What is an antibody? Make sure to include a description of basic structure
glycoproteins that combine with antigens to destroy them. Basic polypeptide structure with a 4 chain structure of heavy and light chains.
Highest plasma/serum concentrations in normal individuals
IgG
Exists as a pentamer
IgM
Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions
IgE
When antigen/antibody complexes are formed, complement can be activated
IgG
Capable of crossing the placenta
IgG
Confined to the blood stream
IgM
Exists as a dimer
IgA secretory
An immunoglobulin in secretions
IgA
Produced early in an immune response
IgM
Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin
IgD
What is the variable region of the antibody structure
Fragment antibody (Fab)
The tip of the Y’s that hold the antibody
Light chains on the antibody structure are of two types. name them
Lambda and Kappa
Describe an anamnestic response compared to a primary response
Shorter lag phase, longer plateau, more gradual decline, IgG primarily, antibody levels contain higher titer
