End of chapter questions Flashcards
Exam 1
An appropriate definition or description of the immune system is
Can protect against or be manipulated to treat disease
An appropriate definition or description of lymphocytes is
T and B types
An appropriate definition or description of cooperative interaction is
Specific cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements
An appropriate definition or description of nonspecific immune elements is
mononuclear phagocytes
An appropriate definition or description of autoimmune disorder is
Condition in which the body’s own tissues are attacked as if they were foreign
A secondary lymphoid tissue in mammals is
lymph nodes
Another term for adaptive immunity is
acquired immunity
Humoral components of the adaptive immune system include
antibodies
In adaptive immunity the mode of acquisition of active natural immunity is
infection
In adaptive immunity, the mode of acquisition of passive natural immunity is
transfer in vivo or by colostrum
In adaptive immunity, the mode of acquisition of artificial passive immunity is
infusion of serum or plasma
In adaptive immunity acquired by active natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ___ some other types of responses
longer than
In adaptive immunity acquired by artificial active immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ____ some other types of responses
longer than
In adaptive immunity acquired by passive natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ____ some other types of responses
shorter than
A synonym for an antigenic determinant
epitope
Genetically different individuals of the same species are referred to as
allogenic
Antigenic substances can be composed of
large polysaccharides, proteins, and glycoproteins
Which of the following characteristics of an antigen is least important?
foreignness
degradability
molecular weight
presence of large repeating polymers
presence of large repeating polymers
The chemical composition of an antibody is
protein
The IgM antibody class
has the highest molecular weight
The IgG antibody class
has the highest plasma or serum concentration in normal individuals
The IgA antibody class
can exist as a dimer
The IgE antibody class
has the shortest half-life
The IgD antibody class
has no known subclasses
The characteristic associated with IgG is
Increase in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic disorders
The characteristic associated with IgA is
Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions
The characteristic associated with IgD is
Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin
The characteristic associated with IgE is
mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions
Primary antibody response order of events
Lag
log
plateau
decline
Antigens are characterized as
can be glycolipids or glycoproteins
Antibodies are also referred to as
immunoglobulins
An appropriate description of IgM is
Accounts for 10% if the Ig pool, largely confined to the intravascular space
An appropriate description of IgG is
Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms
An appropriate description of IgA is
found in tears, saliva, colostrum, milk, and intestinal secretions
An appropriate description of IgE is
Mediates some types of hypersensitivity
An appropriate description of IgD is
Makes up less than 1% of total immunoglobulins
Which of the following characterizes IgM?
Composed of five basic subunits
Less efficient in the activation of complement cascade and agglutination than IgG
Less response in an initial antibody response
Predominant in a secondary response
Composed of five basic subunits
What government agency is primarily responsible for safeguards and regulations to ensure a safe and healthful workplace throughout the United States?
Occupational safety and health administration (OHSA)
The term standard precautions refers to
Treating all specimens as if they are infectious and assuming that every direct contact with a body fluid is infectious
The CDC’s bloodborne pathogen requirement mandates
education and training of all health care workers in standard precautions
The single most common source of human immunodeficiency virus in the occupational setting is
blood
When using gloves for phlebotomy or blood specimen processing, laboratory staff should
wash hands after removing gloves
Gloves for medical use may be
sterile or nonsterile
Diluted bleach for disinfecting work surfaces, equipment, and spills should be prepared daily by preparing an ___ dilution of household bleach. This dilution requires ____ mL of bleach diluted to 100 mL with H2O
1:10
10
Infectious waste must be discarded into containers with all of the following features
marked “biohazard”
has standard biohazard symbol
orange, orange and black, or red
clinical laboratory personnel needs to have some demonstrable immunity to
rubella
hepatitis B
