End of chapter questions

Question 1

An appropriate definition or description of the immune system is

Answer 1

Can protect against or be manipulated to treat disease

Question 2

An appropriate definition or description of lymphocytes is

Answer 2

T and B types

Question 3

An appropriate definition or description of cooperative interaction is

Answer 3

Specific cellular elements, cell products, and nonlymphoid elements

Question 4

An appropriate definition or description of nonspecific immune elements is

Answer 4

mononuclear phagocytes

Question 5

An appropriate definition or description of autoimmune disorder is

Answer 5

Condition in which the body’s own tissues are attacked as if they were foreign

Question 6

A secondary lymphoid tissue in mammals is

Answer 6

lymph nodes

Question 7

Another term for adaptive immunity is

Answer 7

acquired immunity

Question 8

Humoral components of the adaptive immune system include

Answer 8

antibodies

Question 9

In adaptive immunity the mode of acquisition of active natural immunity is

Answer 9

infection

Question 10

In adaptive immunity, the mode of acquisition of passive natural immunity is

Answer 10

transfer in vivo or by colostrum

Question 11

In adaptive immunity, the mode of acquisition of artificial passive immunity is

Answer 11

infusion of serum or plasma

Question 12

In adaptive immunity acquired by active natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ___ some other types of responses

Answer 12

longer than

Question 13

In adaptive immunity acquired by artificial active immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ____ some other types of responses

Answer 13

longer than

Question 14

In adaptive immunity acquired by passive natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ____ some other types of responses

Answer 14

shorter than

Question 15

A synonym for an antigenic determinant

Answer 15

epitope

Question 16

Genetically different individuals of the same species are referred to as

Answer 16

allogenic

Question 17

Antigenic substances can be composed of

Answer 17

large polysaccharides, proteins, and glycoproteins

Question 18

Which of the following characteristics of an antigen is least important?

foreignness
degradability
molecular weight
presence of large repeating polymers

Answer 18

presence of large repeating polymers

Question 19

The chemical composition of an antibody is

Answer 19

protein

Question 20

The IgM antibody class

Answer 20

has the highest molecular weight

Question 21

The IgG antibody class

Answer 21

has the highest plasma or serum concentration in normal individuals

Question 22

The IgA antibody class

Answer 22

can exist as a dimer

Question 23

The IgE antibody class

Answer 23

has the shortest half-life

Question 24

The IgD antibody class

Answer 24

has no known subclasses

Question 25

The characteristic associated with IgG is

Answer 25

Increase in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic disorders

Question 26

The characteristic associated with IgA is

Answer 26

Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions

Question 27

The characteristic associated with IgD is

Answer 27

Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin

Question 28

The characteristic associated with IgE is

Answer 28

mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions

Question 29

Primary antibody response order of events

Answer 29

Lag
log
plateau
decline

Question 30

Antigens are characterized as

Answer 30

can be glycolipids or glycoproteins

Question 31

Antibodies are also referred to as

Answer 31

immunoglobulins

Question 32

An appropriate description of IgM is

Answer 32

Accounts for 10% if the Ig pool, largely confined to the intravascular space

Question 33

An appropriate description of IgG is

Answer 33

Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms

Question 34

An appropriate description of IgA is

Answer 34

found in tears, saliva, colostrum, milk, and intestinal secretions

Question 35

An appropriate description of IgE is

Answer 35

Mediates some types of hypersensitivity

Question 36

An appropriate description of IgD is

Answer 36

Makes up less than 1% of total immunoglobulins

Question 37

Which of the following characterizes IgM?

Composed of five basic subunits
Less efficient in the activation of complement cascade and agglutination than IgG
Less response in an initial antibody response
Predominant in a secondary response

Answer 37

Composed of five basic subunits

Question 38

What government agency is primarily responsible for safeguards and regulations to ensure a safe and healthful workplace throughout the United States?

Answer 38

Occupational safety and health administration (OHSA)

Question 39

The term standard precautions refers to

Answer 39

Treating all specimens as if they are infectious and assuming that every direct contact with a body fluid is infectious

Question 40

The CDC’s bloodborne pathogen requirement mandates

Answer 40

education and training of all health care workers in standard precautions

Question 41

The single most common source of human immunodeficiency virus in the occupational setting is

Answer 41

blood

Question 42

When using gloves for phlebotomy or blood specimen processing, laboratory staff should

Answer 42

wash hands after removing gloves

Question 43

Gloves for medical use may be

Answer 43

sterile or nonsterile

Question 44

Diluted bleach for disinfecting work surfaces, equipment, and spills should be prepared daily by preparing an ___ dilution of household bleach. This dilution requires ____ mL of bleach diluted to 100 mL with H2O

Answer 44

1:10
10

Question 45

Infectious waste must be discarded into containers with all of the following features

Answer 45

marked “biohazard”
has standard biohazard symbol
orange, orange and black, or red

Question 46

clinical laboratory personnel needs to have some demonstrable immunity to

Answer 46

rubella
hepatitis B