Homeostasis, endocrine system, nervous system

Question 1

Definition of homeostasis

Answer 1

Regulation of the internal condition of an organism to maintain optimum conditions for enzymes to work properly

Question 2

What is an effector

Answer 2

Muscles or glands that bring out responses

Question 3

What is cordination Centre

Answer 3

Receives processes information and coordinates responses

Question 4

What is a stimulus

Answer 4

Change in the environment

Question 5

What is a receptor

Answer 5

Detects change in the environment

Question 6

What is the CNS

Answer 6

Central nerve system

Question 7

What are the two main parts of a nervous system

Answer 7

A series of nerves and the CNS

Question 8

How is the information sent in the nervous system

Answer 8

As an electrical impulse

Question 9

What does an electrical impulse pass through

Answer 9

The sensory receptor along the sensory neuron to the CNS then passes along a relay neuron in the spinal cord and straight back down along a motor neuron from that the impulse arrives in the sector organ usually a muscle and brings about a contraction we call this a reflex arc

Question 10

What is a reflex arc

Answer 10

One in electrical impulse passes from the sensory receptor along the sensory neuron to the CNS then pass it along a relay neuron usually found in the spinal cord and straight back down along and motor neuron from there the impulse arrives at an affecter on organ usually a muscle and brings about a contraction

Question 11

Why is it so important that the impulses do not go to the conscious brain

Answer 11

Because the brain does not process these reflexes quick enough

Question 12

What is the function of a sensory neuron

Answer 12

Carries the electrical impulses from the receptor and passes through cells called neurons to the CNS

Question 13

What is the function of a motor neuron

Answer 13

Carries electrical impulses from the CNS to the effector

Question 14

What is the function of a relay neuron

Answer 14

It carries the electrical pulse from the sensory nerve cell to the motor nerve of cell

Question 15

How does an electrical impulse passes through a gap between two neurons

Answer 15

An electrical impulse arrives hits the sacs containing chemicals chemicals go through to the receptor they attach to the receptor a new electrical impulses generated a new one is passed through

Question 16

Examples of homeostasis

Answer 16

Controlling blood glucose
Controlling body temp
Controlling water levels

Question 17

What is the negative feedback loop

Answer 17

Stimulus
Sensor
Control
Effector

Question 18

What is the body temp regulation loop

Answer 18

Body temp exceeds 37^c
Nerve cells in skin and brain
Temp regulatory centre in brain
Sweet glands throughout body

Question 19

What is the control system

Answer 19

Stimulus
Receptor
Coordination
Efrector
Response

Question 20

What are the parts of a nerve cell

Answer 20

Dendrite
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon

Question 21

What are the three different types of neurones and there functions

Answer 21

Sensory neurone: carries nerve impulses from receptor to coordinator
Relay neurone: carries nerve impulses in coordinator
Motor neurone: carries nerve impulses from coordinator to effector

Question 22

What are the parts of the synapses

Answer 22

Synaptic cleft
Vesicles contains neurotransmitter
Presynaptic membrane
Postsynaptic membrane
Neurotransmitter receptor molecules

Question 23

What can drugs do to neurotransmitter

Answer 23

Can bind to them triggering impulses in different regions of the brain

Question 24

What can frequent drug use lead to

Answer 24

Leads to overstimulating of neurones, leading to loss of function or overstimulation of different regions of the body

Question 25

What is the synaptic transmition

Answer 25

1) an impulse arrives at the end of the presynaptic neurone 2) vesicles move toward and fuse with the presynaptic membrane this releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft 3) the neurotransmitter diffuse across the synaptic cleft (down a concentration gradient) 4) neurotransmitter attach to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane 5) this triggers an impulse which travels along the postsynaptic neurone 6) the neurotransmitter are recycled or destroyed once an impulse is sent

Question 26

What is reflex action

Answer 26

Does not involve consciousness so brain is not involved Awareness of response having happened occurs after response has been carrried out these actions help to minimise damage to body

Question 27

Apart from receiving nerve impulses via the nervous system how else can the effector be notified of what to do

Answer 27

Stimulus Receptor Coordinator Effector Response

Question 28

What is the endocrine system

Answer 28

It is composed of glands which secrete hormones into the blood, blood carries the hormones to the effector to produce a response

Question 29

What are the differences between endocrine system and nervous system

Answer 29

Hormones have a slower effect in the endocrine system as the nerve impulses have a quicker effect in the nervous system Hormones act for longer in endocrine system in nervous system the nerve impulses act for shorter

Question 30

What glands are in the endocrine system and what hormones do they produce

Answer 30

Thyroid gland- thyroxine Pituitary gland- FSH,LH Pancreas- insulin glucose Adrenal- Adrenalin Testes-testosterone Ovaries- oestrogen

Question 31

What is the master gland in the endocrine system and how does it work

Answer 31

The pituitary gland in the brain secretes hormones into blood to stimulate other hormones to be released from other glands. Example, pituitary gland secretes, TSH, which stimulates thyroid to release thyroxine

Question 32

Four stages of the menstrual cycle

Answer 32

Uterine lining breaks down menstruation occurs Uterine lining thickens again Ovulation occurs Uterine lining continues to thicken

Question 33

How long is the menstrual cycle

Answer 33

28 days

Question 34

What are the four hormones in the menstrual cycle

Answer 34

FSH LH Oestrogen Progesterone

Question 35

What is synaptic transmission

Answer 35

An impulse arrives at the end of the presynaptic neuron vesical move towards and fuse was the presynaptic membrane. This releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft the neurotransmitter diffuse across the synaptic cleft neurotransmitter attached are receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, the neurotransmitter are recycled or destroyed once an impulse is sent

Question 36

What does synapse mean

Answer 36

Where 2 nerve cells meet

Question 37

What do vesicles contain

Answer 37

Neurotransmitter