Digestive system Flashcards
What are the main organs of the digestive system
Mouth salivary gland gullets stomach liver pancreas gal bladder small intestine large intestine rectum anus
What is a nutrient
A substance needed for growth repair and metabolism
What are the three main nutrients
Protein carbohydrates lipids
What gases do lipids contain
Carbon hydrogen oxygen
What gases do carbohydrates contain
Carbon hydrogen oxygen
What gases do proteins contain
Carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen
What do you use to test for starch
Iodine
What colour is starch at the beginning and end of the test
Beginning yellow brown
End blue black
What do you use to test for sugar
Add Benedict’s and boil
What colour is the sugar test at the start and end
Start blue
End orange red
What do you use to test for protein
Add biuret to starch
What colour is protein at the start and end of test
Start blue
End purple
What do you test lipids with
Mix with ethanol filter it and add to water
What colour are lipids at the start and end of the test
Start clear
End cloudy
What are enzymes made of
Protein
What is a catalyst
Speeding up the chemical reaction with out getting used up
What do enzymes act on
Substrates
What is the active site
The part of an enzyme that one or more substrates molecules can attach to
What is a substrate
What the enzyme is working on
What is the enzyme that works on the substrate protein
Protease
What is an enzyme
A biological catalyst that is specific to one substrate it is protein made out if long chains of amino acids coiled and folded
What is the enzyme that works on the substrate fat
Lipase
What is the enzyme that works on the substrate starch
Amylase
What are the three stages of a enzyme and substrate
1 the enzyme has a specific shape and active site only specific substrates will fit into the active site 2 the enzyme and substrate together form a substrate complex 3 the reaction takes place and new products are released from the enzyme the enzyme is ready to react with another substrate
What happens to enzymes at very low temps
They are in active
Why is a enzyme in active at very low temps
Because molecules move slower so there will be less collisions
Why is a enzyme active at very high temps
Molecules move faster more collisions
If the enzyme goes above the optimum temp it is denatured what does this mean
Enzymes are made up of long amino acid strips they can be denatured when exposed to certain temps the amino acids unraveled changing the shape of the active site substrates no longer fit
What is the function of lipids in the body
Important source of energy and an efficient energy store important in cell membranes and in your nervous system
What foods do you find lipids in
Oils butter cream and cheese
What is the function of carbohydrates in the body
Broken down into glucose and are used in cellular respiration to provide energy
What foods are carbohydrates found in
Bread rice pasta potatoes
What is the function of protein in the body
Structural components of tissues act as hormones make up antibodies and enzymes
What food do you find protein in
Egg meat fish cheese pulses
