Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE biology > Homeostasis and Response > Flashcards

Homeostasis and Response Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards Biology 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

maintaining a stable internal environment in response to changes in both internal and external conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why does you body temperature need to stay at a stable temp?

A

cells need the right temperature to function properly and for enzyme action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are some automatic control systems in your body?

A

nervous and Hormonal communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the three main components which work together to maintain a steady condition?

A

receptors, coordination centres and effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

your automatic control system so when something gets too low or high your body brings it back up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

explain what happens when something is too high?

A
  • receptor detects a stimulus
  • coordination center receives and processes information, then organises a response
  • effector produces a response which counteracts the change and restores to optimum level
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the nervous system do?

A

detect and react to stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is central nervous system?

A

spinal chord + brain

in mammals- sensory neurons and motor nuerons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are sensory neurones?

A

carry information as electrical impulses from the receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are motor neurones?

A

carry electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are effectors?

A

all your muscles and glands which respond to nervous impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are receptors?

A

cells that detect stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the different types of receptors?

A

taste, sound, heat, light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how do muscles react to effectors?

A

contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do glands react to effectors?

A

secrete hormonmes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are neurones?

A

transmit information quickly to and from the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a synapse?

A

the connection between two neurones
nerve signal is transferred by chemicals which diffuse across the gap
chemicals set off a new electrical signal in the next neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are reflexes?

A

help prevent injury

rapid and automatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

the passage of information in a reflex (from receptor to effector)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do neurones in reflex arcs go through?

A

spinal chord or unconscious part of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are relay neurones?

A

connect sensory neurons to motor nuerons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the process from when a bee stings your finger?

A
  • stimulus is detected by receptors, impulses are sent along a sensory neurone to a relay neurone in the CNS
  • when the impulses reach a synapse between the sensory neurone and relay neurone, they trigger chemicals to be released
  • causes impulses to be sent along the relay neurone
  • when impulses reach a synapse between the relay and motor neurone the same thing happens, chemicals released which causes impulses to be sent along motor neurone
  • impulses travel along the motor neurone to the effector
  • muscle moves hand away from bee
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is reaction time?

A

time it takes to respond to a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What can reaction time be effected by?

A

age, gender or drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how can reactions time be measured with a computer?

A
  • clicking a mouse as soon as a stimulus changes on a screen
26
Q

What can computers do that humans can’t?

A

give more precise reaction time because they remove the possibility of human error, more accurate and can’t predict when to respond

27
Q

What is the brain made of?

A

billions of interconnected neurones

28
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the brain?

A

cerebral cortex, medulla, cerebellum, spinal chord

29
Q

what does the cerebral cortex do?

A

responcable for things like consciousness, intelligence, memory and language

30
Q

What does the medulla do?

A

controls unconscious activities, breathing and heart rate

31
Q

what does the cerebellum do?

A

muscle cooordination

32
Q

What are the three methods for studying the brain?

A

studying patients with brain damage, electrically stimulating the brain, MRI scans

33
Q

How can you electrically stimulate the brain?

A

by pushing a tiny electrode into the tissue and giving it a small zap of electricity. by examining what stimulating different parts of the brain does, it gives an idea of what parts do

34
Q

What is an MRI scan?

A

magnetic resonance imaging scanner that gives a detailed picture of the brains structures.

35
Q

LEARN EYE DIAGRAM

A

LEARN EYE DIAGRAM

36
Q

What is the sclera?

A

tough, supporting wall of eye

37
Q

What is the cornea?

A

transparent outer layer found at the front of the eye, it reflects light into eye

38
Q

What is the iris?

A

contains muscles that allow it to control the diameter of the pupil and therefor how much light eneters

39
Q

What is the lens?

A

focuses light onto the retina

40
Q

What is a retina?

A

contains receptor cells sensitive to light and colour

41
Q

What is the shape of the lens controlled by?

A

ciliary muscles and suspensory ligaments

42
Q

What is the optic nerve?

A

carries impulses from the receptors on the retina to the brain

43
Q

What happens when light detectors in the eye detect very bright light?

A

circular muscles in the iris contract and the radial muscles relax

44
Q

What happens when there is dim light?

A

circular muscles relax and radial muscles contract

45
Q

What is accommodation?

A

eye focuses light on the retina by changing the shape of the lens

46
Q

What happens when looking at a near object?

A
  • ciliary muscles contract
  • suspensory ligaments slacken
  • lens becomes more curved
  • Increases amount of light refracted
47
Q

What happens when looking at a far object?

A
  • ciliary muscles relax
  • suspensory ligaments pull tight
  • lens becomes less curved
  • decreases amount of light refracted
48
Q

What can’t long sited people do?

A

focus on near objects

49
Q

When does a person become long sited?

A

when the lens is the wrong shape and doesn’t refract the light enough. or
the eyeball is too short

50
Q

What happens when you are long sited?

A

the image of a near object is bought into focus BEHIND the retina

51
Q

what is the medical term for long sitedness?

A

hyperopia

52
Q

What lens corrects long sitedness?

A

convex lens

53
Q

What can’t short sited people do?

A

focus on distant objects

54
Q

When does shortsitedness occur?

A

When the lens is the wrong shape and refracts the light too much or eyeball is too long

55
Q

What happens when you are short sighted?

A

image focuses infront of the retina

56
Q

What lens can you use to correct shortsightedness?

A

concave lens

57
Q

What is the medical term for shortsightedness?

A

myopia

58
Q

What are three alternatives to wearing glasses?

A

contact lenses
laser eye surgery
replacement lens surgery

59
Q

Explain contact lenses?

A

thin lenses that sit on the surface of the eye, lightweight and almost invisible
- two types, hard and soft

60
Q

Explain laser eye surgery?

A

laser can be used to vaporise tissue, changing the shape of the cornea. sergeon can be very precise but there is a risk to complications

61
Q

explain replacement lens surgery?

A

natural lens is removed and an artificial one is inserted , high risk and could damage retina

GCSE biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions