Homeostasis and Response

Question 1

What is Homeostasis?

Answer 1

the regulation of a constant internal environment.

Question 2

What is an example of homeostasis in humans?

Answer 2

Homeostasis regulates the blood glucose (sugar) levels, the body temperature, C02 levels and water levels.

Question 3

What is a synapse?

Answer 3

The gap where the ends of two neurons meet. It transmits information between neurons.

Question 4

What is the Human Nervous system?

Answer 4

It allows a fast, short-lived response to a stimulus in the surroundings.

Question 5

What is a ‘receptor’?

Answer 5

Cells that detect changes (stimuli)

Question 6

What is the ‘coordination centre’?

Answer 6

They receive and process information from receptors.

Question 7

What is the effector?

Answer 7

Muscles or glands that change things.

Question 8

What does the sensory neuron do?

Answer 8

It transmits impulses from the receptor to the spinal gland, they receive impulses from the receptor.

Question 9

What does the Motor neuron do?

Answer 9

It sends impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors, these cause the reaction.

Question 10

What does the relay neuron do?

Answer 10

It sends impulses from one part of the central nerve to another, they pass on messages.

Question 11

What is the reflex reaction?

Answer 11

An automatic response which protects us quicker without thinking about it.

Question 12

Where is the pituitary gland located?

Answer 12

Brain.

Question 13

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

Answer 13

Neck.

Question 14

Where is the thyroid gland located?

Answer 14

Trachea.

Question 15

Where is the Thymus gland located?

Answer 15

above the heart

Question 16

Where is the adrenal gland located?

Answer 16

kidneys

Question 17

What does the Pituitary gland do?

Answer 17

controls growth in children, stimulates the thyroid to control metabolism.

Question 18

What does the pituitary gland release?

Answer 18

Hormones like ACTH FSH AND LSH.

Question 19

What does the pituitary gland stimulate?

Answer 19

The reproductive organs to make sex hormones and make sperm/release ova.

Question 20

What does the Thyroid gland produce?

Answer 20

Hormones including thyroxine.

Question 21

What does the thyroid gland do?

Answer 21

Controls the metabolic rate of the body.

Question 22

What does the Adrenal Glands release?

Answer 22

Hormones including adrenaline.

Question 23

What does the adrenal glands do?

Answer 23

Prepares the body for stressful situations.

Question 24

What does the pancreas produce?

Answer 24

insulins and others that produce glucagon.

Question 25

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 25

Controls the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.

Question 26

What do the testes release?

Answer 26

the sex hormone testosterone.

Question 27

What do the testes do?

Answer 27

controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics and are involved in the production of sperm.

Question 28

What do the ovaries produce?

Answer 28

the sex hormone oestrogen and progesterone.

Question 29

What do the ovaries do?

Answer 29

Controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the menstrual cycle.

Question 30

What happens when glucose level is high?

Answer 30

Insulin is released.

Question 31

What happens when glucose levels are low?

Answer 31

Glucagon is released.

Question 32

What does insulin do?

Answer 32

It helps your liver cells absorb the glucose as glycogen.

Question 33

What does Glucagon do?

Answer 33

liver cells convert the glycogen into glucose which is gonna be used to be released in the blood.

Question 34

What is Type 1 diabetes?

Answer 34

No insulin in the body.

Question 35

Why is there no insulin?

Answer 35

Pancreas makes no insulin, the blood glucose levels are uncontrollable.

Question 36

What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 36

Injecting insulin into your body.

Question 37

What is Type 2 diabetes?

Answer 37

insulin doesn't work.

Question 38

What is the cause of the insulin not working?

Answer 38

The pancreas could be tired.

Question 39

What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?

Answer 39

exercise, eating healthy food.

Question 40

What is menstruation?

Answer 40

The breakdown and loss of the lining of the uterus.

Question 41

What is puberty?

Answer 41

The stage of life when the body develops in ways that allows reproduction.

Question 42

What is fertilisation?

Answer 42

the fusing of a male gamete with a female one.

Question 43

What is stage 1 of the menstrual cycle (day 1 - 5)?

Answer 43

lining of the uterus breaks down and is lost from the body.

Question 44

What is stage 2 of the menstrual cycle (day 6 - 12)?

Answer 44

follicles develop, the egg cells mature in follicles on the ovary. The lining of the uterus thickens.

Question 45

What is stage 3 of the menstrual cycle (day 13-15)?

Answer 45

When the egg is released from the follicle usually on day 14.

Question 46

What is stage 4 of the menstrual cycle (day 16-28)?

Answer 46

Uterus lining continues to thicken. If fertilisation occurs the egg will implant and pregnancy will occur, if not the cycle restarts.

Question 47

What is a contraceptive?

Answer 47

the act of preventing a pregnancy.

Question 48

How does the oral contraceptive ('the pill') work?

Answer 48

It inhibits FSH so that an egg does not mature.

Question 49

What are the pros of oral contraceptives? (4)

Answer 49

Easily self administered Short term effects easily reversed very reliable

Question 50

What are the cons of oral contraceptives? (3)

Answer 50

May have mid side-effects associated. Could lead to pregnancy if missed. Does not protect from STI's.

Question 51

How does an injection, implant or skin patch work?

Answer 51

They contain the progesterone which is slowly released to inhibit the release of eggs for months or even years.

Question 52

What are the pros of an injection, implant or skin patch? (3)

Answer 52

Administered through routine appointment at GP surgery Requires little to no aftercare or maintenance. Very reliable.

Question 53

What are the cons of an injection, implant or skin patch? (2)

Answer 53

Takes time for effects to be reversed once removed Does not protect from STIs.

Question 54

How do condoms and diaphragms (female condom) work?

Answer 54

A physical barrier to prevent the sperm from reaching the egg.

Question 55

What are the pros of condoms and diaphragms? (4)

Answer 55

Easy to use short term effects very reliable provides protection from most STI's

Question 56

What are the cons of condoms and diaphragms? (1)

Answer 56

Can fail.

Question 57

How do intrauterine devices work?

Answer 57

The device is attached to the lining of the uterus and releases hormones or prevents implantation of an embryo.

Question 58

What are the pros of intrauterine devices? (2)

Answer 58

Requires little to no aftercare or maintenance very reliable.

Question 59

What are the cons of intrauterine devices? (2)

Answer 59

Takes time for effects to be reversed once removed. Does not protect from STI's.

Question 60

How do spermicidal agents work?

Answer 60

Contains chemicals that kill or immobilise the sperm cells.

Question 61

What are the pros of spermicidal agents? (2)

Answer 61

Easy to use Short term effects

Question 62

What are the cons of spermicidal agents? (2)

Answer 62

Does not protect from STI's Less effective if this is the only method used.

Question 63

How does abstaining from intercourse work?

Answer 63

Avoiding sexual intercourse when there is a likelihood of an egg being present on the oviduct.

Question 64

What are the pros of abstaining from intercourse?

Answer 64

Inexpensive.

Question 65

What are the cons of abstaining from intercourse?

Answer 65

Not always reliable.