Homeostasis and Response Flashcards

(66 cards)

1
Q

What is Homeostasis?

A

the regulation of a constant internal environment.

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2
Q

What is an example of homeostasis in humans?

A

Homeostasis regulates the blood glucose (sugar) levels, the body temperature, C02 levels and water levels.

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3
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The gap where the ends of two neurons meet. It transmits information between neurons.

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4
Q

What is the Human Nervous system?

A

It allows a fast, short-lived response to a stimulus in the surroundings.

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5
Q

What is a ‘receptor’?

A

Cells that detect changes (stimuli)

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6
Q

What is the ‘coordination centre’?

A

They receive and process information from receptors.

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7
Q

What is the effector?

A

Muscles or glands that change things.

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8
Q

What does the sensory neuron do?

A

It transmits impulses from the receptor to the spinal gland, they receive impulses from the receptor.

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9
Q

What does the Motor neuron do?

A

It sends impulses from the central nervous system to the effectors, these cause the reaction.

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10
Q

What does the relay neuron do?

A

It sends impulses from one part of the central nerve to another, they pass on messages.

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11
Q

What is the reflex reaction?

A

An automatic response which protects us quicker without thinking about it.

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12
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

Brain.

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13
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

A

Neck.

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14
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Trachea.

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15
Q

Where is the Thymus gland located?

A

above the heart

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16
Q

Where is the adrenal gland located?

A

kidneys

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17
Q

What does the Pituitary gland do?

A

controls growth in children, stimulates the thyroid to control metabolism.

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18
Q

What does the pituitary gland release?

A

Hormones like ACTH FSH AND LSH.

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19
Q

What does the pituitary gland stimulate?

A

The reproductive organs to make sex hormones and make sperm/release ova.

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20
Q

What does the Thyroid gland produce?

A

Hormones including thyroxine.

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21
Q

What does the thyroid gland do?

A

Controls the metabolic rate of the body.

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22
Q

What does the Adrenal Glands release?

A

Hormones including adrenaline.

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23
Q

What does the adrenal glands do?

A

Prepares the body for stressful situations.

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24
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

insulins and others that produce glucagon.

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25
What does the pancreas do?
Controls the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
26
What do the testes release?
the sex hormone testosterone.
27
What do the testes do?
controls the development of secondary sexual characteristics and are involved in the production of sperm.
28
What do the ovaries produce?
the sex hormone oestrogen and progesterone.
29
What do the ovaries do?
Controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics and is involved in the menstrual cycle.
30
What happens when glucose level is high?
Insulin is released.
31
What happens when glucose levels are low?
Glucagon is released.
32
What does insulin do?
It helps your liver cells absorb the glucose as glycogen.
33
What does Glucagon do?
liver cells convert the glycogen into glucose which is gonna be used to be released in the blood.
34
What is Type 1 diabetes?
No insulin in the body.
35
Why is there no insulin?
Pancreas makes no insulin, the blood glucose levels are uncontrollable.
36
What is the treatment for type 1 diabetes?
Injecting insulin into your body.
37
What is Type 2 diabetes?
insulin doesn't work.
38
What is the cause of the insulin not working?
The pancreas could be tired.
39
What is the treatment for type 2 diabetes?
exercise, eating healthy food.
40
What is menstruation?
The breakdown and loss of the lining of the uterus.
41
What is puberty?
The stage of life when the body develops in ways that allows reproduction.
42
What is fertilisation?
the fusing of a male gamete with a female one.
43
What is stage 1 of the menstrual cycle (day 1 - 5)?
lining of the uterus breaks down and is lost from the body.
44
What is stage 2 of the menstrual cycle (day 6 - 12)?
follicles develop, the egg cells mature in follicles on the ovary. The lining of the uterus thickens.
45
What is stage 3 of the menstrual cycle (day 13-15)?
When the egg is released from the follicle usually on day 14.
46
What is stage 4 of the menstrual cycle (day 16-28)?
Uterus lining continues to thicken. If fertilisation occurs the egg will implant and pregnancy will occur, if not the cycle restarts.
47
What is a contraceptive?
the act of preventing a pregnancy.
48
How does the oral contraceptive ('the pill') work?
It inhibits FSH so that an egg does not mature.
49
What are the pros of oral contraceptives? (4)
Easily self administered Short term effects easily reversed very reliable
50
What are the cons of oral contraceptives? (3)
May have mid side-effects associated. Could lead to pregnancy if missed. Does not protect from STI's.
51
How does an injection, implant or skin patch work?
They contain the progesterone which is slowly released to inhibit the release of eggs for months or even years.
52
What are the pros of an injection, implant or skin patch? (3)
Administered through routine appointment at GP surgery Requires little to no aftercare or maintenance. Very reliable.
53
What are the cons of an injection, implant or skin patch? (2)
Takes time for effects to be reversed once removed Does not protect from STIs.
54
How do condoms and diaphragms (female condom) work?
A physical barrier to prevent the sperm from reaching the egg.
55
What are the pros of condoms and diaphragms? (4)
Easy to use short term effects very reliable provides protection from most STI's
56
What are the cons of condoms and diaphragms? (1)
Can fail.
57
How do intrauterine devices work?
The device is attached to the lining of the uterus and releases hormones or prevents implantation of an embryo.
58
What are the pros of intrauterine devices? (2)
Requires little to no aftercare or maintenance very reliable.
59
What are the cons of intrauterine devices? (2)
Takes time for effects to be reversed once removed. Does not protect from STI's.
60
How do spermicidal agents work?
Contains chemicals that kill or immobilise the sperm cells.
61
What are the pros of spermicidal agents? (2)
Easy to use Short term effects
62
What are the cons of spermicidal agents? (2)
Does not protect from STI's Less effective if this is the only method used.
63
How does abstaining from intercourse work?
Avoiding sexual intercourse when there is a likelihood of an egg being present on the oviduct.
64
What are the pros of abstaining from intercourse?
Inexpensive.
65
What are the cons of abstaining from intercourse?
Not always reliable.
66