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Neuro Block 4 > Homeostasis > Flashcards

Homeostasis Flashcards

0
Q

What is often the efferent of homeostasis?

A

The ANS

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1
Q

What is the integrator of homeostasis?

A

The hypothalamus

Decides what efference does

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2
Q

Where are the core temperature receptors?

A

The spinal cord, not the hypothalamus

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3
Q

What do local temperature sensors cause release of?

A

Nitric Oxide (vasodilator, increasing surface flow)

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4
Q

How does NO vasodilate?

A

Activate gaunyl cyclase –> convert GTP to cGMP –> affects potassium currents or MLK to cause relaxation

Increases blood flow

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5
Q

What do core temp sensors send signals to in the CNS?

A

The sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

What are the two different types of sweating?

A

Adrenergic - nervous sweating (norepinephrine)

Cholinergic - eccrine, ACh release

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7
Q

What is pyrogens?

A

Stimulates hypothalamus to make PGE2

Prostaglandins change the set point of temperature
So you treat by inhibiting prostiglandins

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8
Q

What happens to hypothalamic temp set point?

A

Nothing, it is never changed

Receives sensors from else place

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9
Q

What receptors are related to blood pressure regulation?

A

Baroreceptors

In corotid artery and aortic arch

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10
Q

What is BP largely determined by?

A

Norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerves

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11
Q

What is BP equation?

A

BP = cardiac output * total peripheral resistance

BP = HRStroke volumetotal peripheral resistance

Cardia output = HR*stroke volume

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12
Q

What happens when sympathetic nerves stimulate Beta1 receptors?

A

Increase HR and Stroke volume (up cardiac output)

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13
Q

What happens when sympathetic nerves stimulate alpha1 receptors?

A

Increase total peripheral resistance

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14
Q

What is the other major input to BP?

A

Vagus nerve (parasympathetic)

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15
Q

How does the vagus nerve affect BP?

A

Parasympathetic

Releases ACh which stimulate muscarinic receptors and LOWER HR

16
Q

What to Baroreceptors do?

A

Sense stretch in the carotid artery and aortic arch

Up BP, Up firing rate

17
Q

Where are impulses from the Baroreceptors carried to and by what?

A

Signals are carried to the solitary nucleus (medulla) by the Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

18
Q

How does the NTS lower BP?

A

By suppressing neurons in the rostral Ventrolateral area which normal excite the sympathetic NS

19
Q

What produces orthostatic hypotension?

A

Dehydration

20
Q

When do the Baroreceptors fire?

A

When BP is above 50mm

21
Q

Where is the pacemaker for breathing?

A

The pre-boetzinger area of Ventrolateral medulla

22
Q

What does the pre-boetzinger area of the Ventrolateral medulla do?

A

Stimulus C3-C5 (phrenic nerve) to innervate diaphragm

23
Q

What neurotransmitter is somatomotor or autonomic therefore stimulated on the diaphragm?

A

Acetylcholine on nicotinic receptor, sodium channel

24
Q

What is the main input into the pre-boetzinger area?

A 
Parafacial respiratory center
Sense CO2 (actually H) and excites the pre-boetzinger area

This also excites muscles involved in expiration

25
Q

Where does the H atom come from CO2?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

26
Q

What happens with lack of carbon dioxide sensors?

A

Ondine’s curse

Hypoventilation
Forget to breath when sleep

27
Q

What is the path of breathing?

A

CO2 sense by Parafacial respiratory center –> stim of pre-boetzingers area –> stimulation of diaphragm through the phrenic nerve

28
Q

What part of urination is voluntary?

A

The external sphincter of skeletal muscle by

ACh stimulating nicotinic

29
Q

What is the internal sphincter and detrusor (wall) controlled by?

A

Parasympathetics

ACh stimulating muscarinic

30
Q

What does bladder filling send signals to?

A

Prefrontal cortex –> normally suppresses voiding! no it doesn’t

31
Q

How does urination happen?

A

Pontine micturition center activates the sacral cord to simulate preganglionic parasympathetics also does interneurons that stim motor neurons controlling the external sphincter

32
Q

How do you treat urination incontinence?

A

Anti muscarinic
Muscarinic antagonist
(Like atropine)

33
Q

What sensor has two neurons?

A

Temperature

Neuro Block 4 (13 decks)

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