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Neuro Block 4 > Glia And Myelin Dr. Drewes > Flashcards

Glia And Myelin Dr. Drewes Flashcards

0
Q

What is myelin composed of?

A

~30% protein

~70% lipid

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1
Q

How do the Oligodendrocytes myelinated an axon?

A

By sending out processes and wrapping around the axon

So myelin is really just from the plasma

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2
Q

What are the lipid composition of myelin?

A

Cholesterol
Galactolipid (more here than other places)
Phospholipid

The galactolipid content (22.6) is indicative of myelin

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3
Q

How is myelin produced?

A

From the fatty acids
A serine attached
A sugar

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4
Q

What is a lipid called when a galactose is added to it?

A

Galactocerebroside

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5
Q

What is a galactocerebroside with a sulfate group called?

A

A sulfatide

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6
Q

What is a lipid with a glucose attached to it?

A

Glucosocerebroside

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7
Q

What is a character of myelin lipids?

A

Ether linked rather than ester linked

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8
Q

What are the main predominant proteins in myelin in the CNS?

A

PLP (proteolipidprotein)

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9
Q

What protein is in myelin in he PNS specifically?

A

PMP-22

P0

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10
Q

What role does protein play in myelin? CNS?

A

MBP holds layers of myelin together I between membranes

PLP is transmembrane, extra cellular

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11
Q

What do proteins do in myelin in the PNS?

A

P0 replaces PLP as the transmembrane protein (extra cellular)

MBP bridges gaps in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

When does Myelination occur?

A

Early life

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13
Q

How can you make more myelin in adulthood?

A

OPCs (Oligodendrocyte stem cells) can proliferate into Oligodendrocytes

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14
Q

What causes psychiatric diseases in part?

A

Myelination abnormalities

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15
Q

What is experimental allergic encephalomyelitis?

A

EAE

A model for MS
Created in mice by inserting myelin from a different animal in the mouse, the mouse then develops antibodies that attack all myelin

16
Q

What is a good model for Guillain-Barré syndrome?

A

Experiemental allergic Neuritis

Peripheral myelin insertion

17
Q

What is PLP and how can disorders happen?

A

Proteolipidprotein

Whole bunch of acyl chains , very lipid soluble

18
Q

What can happen to MBP that can cause disorders?

A

Alternative splicing that may lead to abnormal proteins

19
Q

When happens if there is too much PMP-22?

A

Defective myelin is formed
Degeneration of muscle

Gene dosage causes a problem

20
Q

Why can you see MS on an MRI?

A

There is more water because there is less fat, therefore more water.

White matter is dark because less water, more fat

21
Q

What is VCAM-1?

A

Adherence factor that allows white blood cells to transfer the BBB

22
Q

What does the white blood cell have that allows It to adhere to VCAM-1?

A

Alpha4 Beta1 protein

23
Q

What does natalizumab (tysabri) do?

A

A monoclonal antibody that attacks alpha4beta1

Neuro Block 4 (13 decks)

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