Homeostasis Flashcards
Homeostasis
Maintenance of an internal environment within restricted limits in organisms
What is homeostasis important for?
Enzymes as they are sensitive to temperature and pH
Water potential changes could cause cells to shrink
What’s negative feedback?
Notices a change and returns it back to normal
What’s positive feedback?
Notices a change and makes it larger
What happenes when adrenaline is released
Adrenaline binds to protein receptors on liver causing protein to change shape activating enzyme ardently Cyclades. ATP is converted to cyclic AMP then protein kinase is activated so glycogen converts into glucose and moves out by facilitated diffusion
Alpha cells release?
Glucagon
Beta cells release
Insulin
Glycogenesis
Converts glucose to glycogen when blood glucose conc is too high
Glycogenolysis
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose when blood glucose conc is too low
Gluconeogenesis
Production of glucose from sources other than carbohydrates
Type 1 diabetes
Unable to produce insulin. Controlled by insulin injections not in mouth
Type 2 diabetes
Glycoprotein receptors losing responsiveness to insulin. Controlled by regulating amount of carbohydrates in diet
Parts of a kidney
Fibrous capsule- membrane cortex- outer region medulla- inner region
Renal pelvis- cavity that collects urine
Ureter- tube that carries urine to bladder
Parts of a nephron
Bowman’s capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
Counter- current multiplier of the loop of henle
Na+ actively transported out of AL using atp creating low water potential. Water leaves DL by osmosis . Very low water potential at base of LOH. Counter current multiplier ensures there’s always a water potential gradient
