Genetic Information Flashcards
What is an allele?
An alternative form of a gene
What is RNA made of?
Pentose sugar
Bases A G C U
Phosphate group
What is transcription?
The DNA separates into 2 strands exposing the bases. One strand becomes the template strand and pairs with the complimentary nucleotides joining by RNA polymerase forming pre mRNA
What is splicing?
When the introns are cut out of the pre-mRNA to make mRNA
How do you substitute bases?
A nucleotide is replaced by another one. If the base is different this could change what the triplets code for changing the amino acid
How do you delete a base?
A nucleotide can be lost from the DNA sequence. This causes all the triplets to change as they shift one to the left.
What happens in meiosis 1?
Each chromosome lines up alongside its homologous partner. One of each pair will move into the daughter cells up to chance how many are maternal or paternal. This is independent segregation
What happens in meiosis 2?
The chromatids move apart causing four gametes to form
What is genetic diversity?
The total number of different alleles in a population
What is directional selection?
When one of the phenotypes is favoured shifting the graph in that direction
What is stabilising selection?
Instead of favouring extreme phenotypes it favours the intermediate variants
How do you name a species
The first part of the name is the generic name and the second part is the specific name. Needs to be underlined if written and capital for first letter of generic name
How do species court?
Recognise members of their own species as only they can produce fertile offspring. Identify a mate that is capable of breeding. Form a pair bond. Synchronise mating. Breed
What is the rank for species?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
