Holism and CAM Flashcards by Jessica Harris

integrative care

combination of paradigms integrating conventional medical and nursing practices with complementary and alternative therapies to improve quality of the human experience

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holism

human beings are holistic individuals comprised of multiple interacting systems and subsystems

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holism strives for

completeness,

- bio- psycho- social- spiritual- cognitive- family- environmental- cultural

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goal of holistic nursing

healing the whole person

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nurses should be __________ with clients

therapeutic partners

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healing

transformation of the person and his/her relationship to the disease, to self, and to others

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curing

physical, material, scientific alleviation of signs and symptoms of disease at physical level

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integrative medicine

combines the best factors of both healing and curing

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CAM

a broad set of healthcare practices, therapies, and modalities that address the whole person- body, mind, emotion, spirit, and environment, not just signs and symptoms- and that may replace or be used as complements to conventional medicine

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NIH national center on CAM 5 domains

alternative medical systems
biologically based therapies
manipulative and body-based methods
energy therapies
mind/body interventions

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beliefs involved in CAM use

illness perception
- stress as a cause of illness (70% of current clinic visits are stress related)
holism and natural treatments
- treat whole person, not just symptoms

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spending on CAM

US- $36-47 billion in 1997
$12-20 billion out of pocket
$5 billion of out of pocket on herbals

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Ethical considerations of CAM

beneficience, nonmaleficence, efficacy, personal and cultural respect, scientific base

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commonly used CAM therapies

massage, healing touch, herbal medicines, relaxation, guided imagery, reflexology

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healing touch

decrease pain and anxiety, improves sleep and wound healing. 
shorter hospital stay after CABG
improve oxygenation in CCU pts
ease dying process
increase immune function

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herbal medicines

safety and regulations, adverse reactions, increase consumer wisdom

relaxation/Dossey

a psychological experience characterized by parasympathetic dominance involving multiple visceral and somatic systems

benefits of guided imagery

feels safe, reduces anxiety fear and worry, personal insight and reflection, decrease pain, improve healing of bones burns wounds and more, enhance immune function, weight loss, smoking cessation, relationship problems

what is guided imagery

powerful, holistic healing modality that fosters active participation, disease prevention and health promotion, returning the focus of wellness to the individual

goal of guided imagery

reframe stressful situations from negative response of fear and anxiety to positive images of healing and well-being, to increase emotional awareness and restructure meaning

body-mind imagery

conscious formation of an image that is directed to a body area or activity that requires attention or increased energy

clinical imagery

conscious use of the power of the imagination with the intention of activating physiologic, psychological, or spiritual healing

correct biological imagery

biologically accurate images that are visualized to send messages to physiologic processes

packaged imagery

commercial tapes that have general images (tapes to quit smoking)

end-state imagery

images that contain specified imagined hopes and goals

impromptu imagery

nurse's introduction of his or her spontaneous, intuitive images or perceptions into the therapeutic intervention

relationship imagery

designed to explore relationships with other people or with a part of oneself or with a symptom or part of one's body

imagery technique

focus on positive, relaxing events | -low, quiet, mesmerizing voice

clinical effectiveness of imagery

- increased internal blood flow-- increased temp - increase heart rate - alterations in body chemistry (gastric secretions and salivary pH) - muscle stimulation - immune system response - wound healing - heart rate control - systolic and diastolic BP changes

reflexology

application of pressure to points on the hands and feet cause anesthesia in other parts of body

benefits of massage

relieve pain, rehabilitate sports injuries, reduce stress, increase relaxation, address anxiety and depression, and aid general wellness

laws of massage therapy

everything is connected - Shortened muscle tissue can do no work - Bones go where muscles put them. Bones stay were muscles keep them. - The soft tissues of the body respond to touch

ethics of massage therapy

The practitioner is in charge – be professional, do assessment, treatment, evaluation, and document Separate – Keep personal life separate and out of the session Do the work you would like to receive. Must respect the history of touch for a person. May be good, may be bad.

Contraindications for massage

blood clots, inflammatory process, skin problems, extreme bruising, fractures, edema

Effluerage

stroking

Petrissage

kneading

Friction

rubbing

Tapotement

percussion

Vibration

shaking