Chapter 19

Question 1

what does the cardiovascular system consists of

Answer 1

heart, blood vessels ( peripheral vascular system)

Question 2

what gives a direct indication of the pressure on the right atrium

Answer 2

jugular vein

Question 3

what are the functions of the heart valves?

Answer 3

to ensure blood flows in one direction through heart chambers; prevent backflow of blood

Question 4

what creates the first heart sound?

Answer 4

closure of the tricuspid valve

Question 5

what creates the second heart sound?

Answer 5

closure of the pulmonic valve

Question 6

what are non-modifiable risk factors?

Answer 6

things you can’t do anything about; increasing age, gender, heredity, race

Question 7

modifiable risk factors

Answer 7

things you can change; use of tobacco, physical inactivity, stress, use of alcohol

Question 8

what is a murmur

Answer 8

a gentle, blowing, whooshing sound heard on the chest wall- may occur in any valve

Question 9

what are the causes of a murmur

Answer 9

1. velocity of blood increases: exercise, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy
2. viscosity of blood decreases: anemia
3. structural defects in the valves
4. unusual openings in the chambers

Question 10

what do murmurs in adults indicate?

Answer 10

disease

Question 11

what changes can occur in older adults heart health?

Answer 11

• left ventricular wall thickens
• mitral valve closes more slowly
• less able to respond to stressors
• possible exercise intolerance
• peripheral blood vessels become calcified causing more rigidity resulting in increase SBP