what does the cardiovascular system consists of
heart, blood vessels ( peripheral vascular system)
what gives a direct indication of the pressure on the right atrium
jugular vein
what are the functions of the heart valves?
to ensure blood flows in one direction through heart chambers; prevent backflow of blood
what creates the first heart sound?
closure of the tricuspid valve
what creates the second heart sound?
closure of the pulmonic valve
what are non-modifiable risk factors?
things you can’t do anything about; increasing age, gender, heredity, race
modifiable risk factors
things you can change; use of tobacco, physical inactivity, stress, use of alcohol
what is a murmur
a gentle, blowing, whooshing sound heard on the chest wall- may occur in any valve
what are the causes of a murmur
- velocity of blood increases: exercise, thyrotoxicosis, pregnancy
- viscosity of blood decreases: anemia
- structural defects in the valves
- unusual openings in the chambers
what do murmurs in adults indicate?
disease
what changes can occur in older adults heart health?
- left ventricular wall thickens
- mitral valve closes more slowly
- less able to respond to stressors
- possible exercise intolerance
- peripheral blood vessels become calcified causing more rigidity resulting in increase SBP
