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Anatomy > HNS 1 > Flashcards

HNS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What structure is being pointed at here?

A

bregma

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2
Q

What is the biggest venous sinus?

A

Superior saggital sinus

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3
Q

Advantage of the anterior fontanelles?

A

Bones haven’t fused yet, gives skull a little flexibility in case the birth canal is too tight

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4
Q

Which suture does the sphenoid bone articulate with the squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

Sphenosquamous suture

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5
Q

Which 2 main artery systems form the Circle of Willis?

A

Internal carotid arteries

Vertebral arteries

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6
Q

Which bones articulate with the squamous part of the temporal bone?

A

Greater wing of sphenoid

Parietal bone at the squamous suture

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7
Q

Which bone does the temporal bone articulate posteriorly with?

A

Occipital bone

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8
Q

Which foramen does the facial nerve and vestibucochlear nerve + where is it on the diagram?

A

Internal acoustic meatus

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9
Q

What are the 8 branches of the external carotid artery?

A

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

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10
Q

Describe characteristics of the pia mater

A

Innermost, thin + delicate layer

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11
Q

How does this artery enter the cranial fossa?

A

Foramen spinosum

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12
Q

Which foramen is associated with mandibular nerve + where is it on the diagram?

A

Foramen ovale

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13
Q

Which layer is closely adherent to the brain?

A

The pia mater

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14
Q

Which arteries supply the anterior cranial fossa + where is on the diagram?

A

Anterior meningeal arteries

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15
Q

Which structures of the brain are found within the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Cerebellum and brainstem

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16
Q

Which bones form the floor of the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Occipital bone

Temporal bone

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17
Q

How can you identify an extradural haematoma on a CT scan?

A

More focal

Does not extend beyond suture

Bi-convex (lens shaped)

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18
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

Falx cerebri is a crescent shaped downward projections of meningeal dura mater from the dura lining the calva that passes between the two cerebral hemispheres towards the corpus callosum.

Helps stabilise the brain within the cranial cavity

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19
Q

What structure is being pointed to?

A

Pterion

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20
Q

Name the different coloured structures

A

Green = frontal bone

Blue = sphenoid bone

Dark pink = nasal bone

Light pink = maxilla

Orange = zygomatic bone

Purple = mandible

Red = vomer

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21
Q

What is the highlighted bone?

A

Zygomatic process

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22
Q

Which foramen does the accessory nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

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23
Q

Which part of the temporal bone has a flat plate appearance and forms the superior regions of the temporal bone?

A

Squamous part

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24
Q

What is a subdural bleed?

A

Deep to the dura

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25
Q

Role of the 2 posterior communicating arteries?

A

Connects internal carotid artery with posterior cerebral artery

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26
Q

What structures pass through the foramen ovale?

A

Mandibular nerve

Accessory meningeal artery

Lesser petrosal nerve (branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve)

Emissary vein connecting through cavernous sinus

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27
Q

Which bones do the body of the sphenoid bone articulate with?

A

Ethmoid, vomer and palatine bone

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28
Q

Label the parts of the maxilla:

  • Zygomatic process
  • Orbital surface
  • Infra-orbital foramen
  • Frontal process
  • Alveolar process
  • Anterior nasal space
A
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29
Q

What is the junction between the saggital and coronal suture?

A

Bregma

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30
Q

Upon CSF drainage which layer is collapsed onto surface of the brain?

A

Arachnoid layer

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31
Q

Identify structures on the diagram:

  • optic canal
  • superior orbital fissure
  • foramen rotundum
  • foramen spinosum
  • foramen lacerum
  • foramen ovale
  • carotid canal
A
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32
Q

Which 2 branches arise from the middle meningeal artery + where do they go?

A

Anterior and posterior branch of meningeal artery

Anterior branch crosses sphenoid’s great wing reaching groove of parietal bone

Posterior branch curves back toward temporal bone before reaching back portions of parietal bone

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33
Q

Name of the 2 cranial foramina found on greater wing of sphenoid bone?

A

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

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34
Q

What bone forms the forehead?

A

Frontal bone

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35
Q

What does the frontal bone form anteriorly?

A

Forehead, and the superior part of the rim of each orbit
Superior to the rim of the orbit on each side are the raised superciliary arches

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36
Q

Which foramen is circled in red + what nerve is associated with it?

What is its position to the superior orbital fissure?

A

Optic canal and optic nerve

Medial to the superior orbital fissure

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37
Q

Describe the 2 layers of the dura mater

A

Periosteal is very closely adherent to inner surface of the bone

Meningeal is close to the arachnoid

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38
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

Horizontal projections of meningeal dura mater that covers and separates cerebellum in posterior cranial fossa from posterior parts of cerebral hemisphere

Provides structural support for brain in event head is shaken or hit

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39
Q

What meningeal layer lies beneath the dura?

A

The arachnoid mater

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40
Q

What structure is highlighted in the picture and what nerve passes through it?

A

Foramen lacerum + greater petrosal nerve (facial nerve)

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41
Q

What are the 5 layers that form the scalp + label them on the diagram

A

Skin

Connective layer

Aponeurotic layer

Loose connective tissue

Pericranium

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42
Q

Which nerve bundles is associated with the cribiform plate?

A

Olfactory nerve bundles

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43
Q

Which artery forms upon the union of the 2 vertebral arteries?

A

Basilar artery

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44
Q

Which carotid artery supplies the face?

A

External carotid artery

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45
Q

Role of anterior communicating artery

A

Connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries

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46
Q

Which 4 cranial nerve pass through the superior orbital fissure + which structure is it?

A

Oculomotor nerve (CN3)

Trochlear nerve (CN4)

Abducens nerve (CN6)

Opthalmic nerve (first branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN5)

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47
Q

What structure is highlighted and what bones articulate with it?

A

Lamboid suture

Laterally, parietal bones and posteriorly, occipital bone

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48
Q

What is the glabella?

A

Depression within the raised supercilliary arches

(bony point present on the frontal bone between two superciliary arches)

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49
Q

What structure is being pointed to and what bone is it located on?

A

Mental foramen and mandible bone

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50
Q

Function of the CSF

A

Helps to protect the brain against movement

Nutrient role in terms of supplying nutrients to the brain

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51
Q

What structure is being pointed to and what bone is it located on?

A

Infraorbital foramen and maxillary bone

52
Q

What projections are found in the subarachnoid space?

A

Spider-like projections of the arachnoid mater

53
Q

When do venous sinuses form?

A

When the two layers of the dura mater open up, they form venous sinuses where venous blood circulates within the cranial cavity

54
Q

Name the highlighted structure

A

Sphenoid bone

55
Q

Which structures is formed from the fold and union of the two dura mater layers?

A

Falx Celebri

56
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossa? Identify them on the diagram

A

Purple = anterior cranial fossa

Blue = middle cranial fossa

Green = posterior cranial fossa

57
Q

What parts of the brain does the anterior cranial fossa contain?

A
  • Frontal lobe of cerebral cortex
  • Olfactory bulb
  • Olfactory tract
  • Orbital gyri
58
Q

What is the large membranous and unossified structure between the bones of the skull found in infants?

A

Anterior fontanelles

59
Q

How can you identify a subdural haematoma on a CT scan?

A

Usually large, crescentic + indirect (not a site of impact)

60
Q

Describe the qualities of the arachnoid mater

A

Elastic and has spider-like projections

61
Q

What structure is being pointed to?

A

Foramen magnum

62
Q

Arteries within the circle of willis?

A

Left and right anterior cerebral artery

Anterior communicating artery

Left and right internal carotid artery

Posterior cerebral artery (left + right)

Posterior communicating artery (left + right)

63
Q

Bones forming the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid bones

64
Q

Which bone does the zygomatic process anteriorly articulate with?

A

Zygomatic bone

65
Q

Which artery resides deep to the pterion?

A

Anterior branch of middle meningeal artery

66
Q

Which dura layer is adherent to the inner surface of the bone

A

Periosteum

67
Q

Which suture does the unpaired frontal bone pair up with the parietal bones?

A

Coronal suture

68
Q

Which foramen is characterised by its minute hole and where is it on the diagram?

A

Foramen spinosum

69
Q

What are the different bones that form the pterion (colour)?

A

Red - frontal bone

Orange - parietal bone

Purple - temporal bone

Yellow - greater sphenoid wing

70
Q

Which cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)

Vagus nerve (X)

Accessory nerve (XI)

71
Q

Which arteries arise from the internal carotid arteries?

A

Ophthalmic artery
Posterior communicating artery
Middle cerebral artery
Anterior cerebral artery

72
Q

Which carotid artery supplies the cranial cavity?

A

Internal carotid artery

73
Q

Which foramen does the hypoglossal nerve pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

74
Q

Which foramen are located on the superior rim of the orbit?

A

Supraorbital foramen

75
Q

Which foramen does the vagus nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

76
Q

Four main parts of the temporal bone and identify them on unlabelled diagram

A

Squamous part

Mastoid process

Zygomatic process

External acoustic meatus (timpanic part)

77
Q

Which bones form the pterion?

A

Point where the greater sphenoid wing, temporal, parietal and frontal bones meet

78
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

79
Q

Junction between the sagittal and lamboid suture?

A

Lambda

80
Q

Which is the main foramen that can be seen on the inferior aspect of the skull?

A

Foramen magnum

81
Q

What is the unlabelled structure called?

A

Anterior fontanelles

82
Q

Which structure is highlighted and what does it contain?

A

Foramina of the cribiform plate (within the ethmoid bone)

Contains the olfactory nerve bundles

83
Q

Which formamen does the hypoglossal nerve pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

84
Q

Which two cranial nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

Facial nerve (CN7)

Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN8)

85
Q

Which types of bleed are associated with damage to the pterion?

A

Intracranial bleeds

86
Q

What does a rupture of middle meningeal artery at the pterion typically lead to?

A

Epidural haematoma

87
Q

Label the structures missing on the diagram

  • Falx cerebelli
  • Tentorium cerebelli
A
88
Q

How far does the falx cerebri go?

A

Down to the corpus collosum

89
Q

What nerve goes through optic canal and where does it go?

A

Optic nerve and goes through the back of the eye to supply the eye

90
Q

Which foramen does the abducens nerve pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

91
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Posterior meningeal artery

92
Q

What structure is highlighted in the diagram and what bone does it articulate with?

A

Saggital suture and the paired parietal bone

93
Q

Which lobe of cerebrum resides within middle cranial fossa + what area of MCF?

A

Temporal lobe

Lateral part

94
Q

How do the 2 posterior cerebral arteries form?

A

Bifurcation of basilar artery

95
Q

Which part of the temporal bone forms part of the surface of the external acoustic opening?

A

Tympanic part

96
Q

What is the largest artery supplying the dura mater?

A

Middle meningeal artery (branch of maxillary)

97
Q

Which foramen does the maxillary nerve pass through + what structure is it on the diagram?

A

Foramen rotundum

98
Q

What are the labeled structures?

A
99
Q

Which meningeal artery passes through jugular foramen?

A

Posterior meningeal artery

100
Q

Which foramen does the internal carotid artery pass through + where is it on the diagram?

A

Carotid canal

101
Q

Which bone does the pituitary gland reside within?

A

Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

102
Q

Identify:

  • Lesser wing
  • Greater wing
  • Foramen ovale
  • Foramen rotundum
  • Foramen spinosum
  • Superior orbital fissure
A
103
Q

Structures associated with optic canal?

A

Opthalmic artery + optic nerve

104
Q

Which arteries supply the middle cranial fossa + what foramen does it come out of?

A

Middle meningeal artery and it enters through the foramen spinosum

105
Q

What is the highlighted structure?

A

Supraorbital foramen

106
Q

Which foramen does the trochlear nerve pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

107
Q

What does the subarachnoid space contain?

A

Spider-like projections of the arachnoid mater

Cerebral spinal fluid

108
Q

What is the structure being pointed to?

A

Vomer bone

109
Q

Which artery is deep to the pterion?

A

Middle meningeal artery

110
Q

Describe the dura mater

A

Outermost layer

Thick + inelastic layer

Has 2 layers (periosteal and meningeal)

111
Q

Which part of the skull is the weakest?

A

pterion

112
Q

What bones form the middle cranial fossa?

A

Sphenoid and temporal bone

113
Q

What is the extra-dural space?

A

Generated within vertebral columns

Spinal dura mater is adherent to the foramen magnum

Periosteal mater lines the vertebrae

This produces a separation which is the extra-dural space

Epidural anaesthesia is injected within this space

114
Q

What is the structure highlighted?

A

Sphenosquamous suture

115
Q

What cranial nerve is the maxillary nerve from?

A

One of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN5)

116
Q

Structures passing through superior orbital fissure?

A

Oculomotor nerve

Trochlear nerve

Opthalmic nerve

Abducens nerve

Opthalmic vein (superior divisions)

117
Q

Structures forming the brainstem + label them on the diagram?

A

medulla

pons

cerebellum

118
Q

What are the 6 main anterior bones of the skull?

A

Frontal

Nasal

Lacrimal

Maxilla

Zygomatic

Mandible

119
Q

Which artery provides afferent information regarding vision?

A

Internal carotid artery

120
Q

What are the 3 meningeal layers?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoid

Pia mater

121
Q

Which are the six main bones on the lateral view of the skull and what colour do they correspond to?

A

Frontal bone - light yellow

Parietal bone - red

Occipital bone - orange

Temporal bone - pink

Zygomatic bone - blue

Sphenoid bone (greater wing) - purple

122
Q

What is the effect of the haematoma on intracranial pressure?

A

Intracranial pressure increases

123
Q

What structure is being pointed to and what bone is it located on?

A

Supraorbital foramen and frontal bone

124
Q

Name of highlighted bone

A

Palatine bone

125
Q

Which foramen does the glossopharyngeal nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

126
Q

Which artery provides impressions on the cranial cavity?

A

Middle meningeal artery

127
Q

Which sinus is lateral to the sella turcica?

A

Cavernous sinus

Anatomy (8 decks)

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