Hlth in the Global Comm

Question 1

Population Characteristics

Answer 1

• Population growth presents a threat to the hlth & economy of many nations
• Large pops create pressure:
  > developing countries
  > industrialized nations
  > major barrier to economic growth
• World pop distribution uneven
• Life expectancy varies significantly
• Global trend toward urbanization

Question 2

Population Characteristics - Goal

Answer 2

• Address origins of poverty, incr productivity, & improve quality of life
  > hlth promotion
  > effective hlth care delivery systems
  > enhancement of envirn’t infrastructure

Question 3

COVID-19 Lesson Globally

Answer 3

• Underscored inequitable hlth systems globally
• Much of world’s pop does not have essential hlth service access
• Progress in communicable disease spread, but not in noncommunicable prevention & control
• Country hlth information systems need improvement

Question 4

Environmental Stressors

Answer 4

• Directly assault human hlth
  > lead poisoning, air pollution
• Damage society’s goods & services
  > effects of air pollution
• Affect quality of life
  > noise & litter
• Global warming
  > interfere w/ ecological balance
• Natural disasters, terrorism, & war affect all aspects of life
• Air, water, & land pollution are results of envirn’t stressors

Question 5

Patterns of Hlth & Disease

Answer 5

• Lifestyle, hlth & culture beliefs, infrastructure, economics, & politics affect existing illnesses & society’s commitment to prevention
• Disease patterns vary throughout world; primary cause of death differ in developed & developing countries
• Racial, ethnic, & access disparities exist w/in & btwn countries

Question 6

Primary Causes of Death

Answer 6

• Developed Countries: epidemiological transition from infectious disease to chronic disease
  > cardiovascular disease, resp disease, cancer
• Developing Countries: infectious diseases, malnutrition, & violence
  > AIDS, TB, malaria, hep B, rheumatic heart disease, parasitic infection, & dengue fever; could be reduced by 50% through effective public hlth interventions

Question 7

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer 7

• International hlth agency of United Nations
• Directs & coordinates international hlth efforts, disseminated global hlth standards & guidlinesm & help countries address public hlth concerns

Question 8

Pan American Health Organizations (PAHO)

Answer 8

• International public hlth agency to improve the hlth & living standards of the Americas
• Regional office of the WHO & recognized as part of the United Nations system

Question 9

United Nations

Answer 9

• Comprises 193 nations committed to world peace & security through international cooperation
• Attempts to resolve global conflicts & formulates policies tht affect all nations
• All member nations have an equal cote in the decision making process

Question 10

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

Answer 10

• Carter Center (founded in 1982)
  > prevent & resolve conflicts, enhance freedome & democracy, to improve hlth & quality of life
• Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (founded in 2000)
  > globally focuses on reducing hunger & poverty & improving hlth
  > w/in Africa the foundation has had a profound effect on prevention & treatment of HIV, TB, & malaria

Question 11

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)

Answer 11

• Founded to assist millions of sick & hungry children in war-ravaged Europe & China
• Now addresses needs of children & women throughout world

Question 12

World Goal

Answer 12

Major goal is to improve hlth status of individuals living in areas tht lack economic development

Question 13

Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC)

Answer 13

• Principal agency in US gov’t for protecting the hlth & safety of all Americans & for providing essential human services
• Founded in 1946 to help control malaria
• Prevent & control infectious & chronic diseases, injuries, workplace hazards, disabilities, & envirn’t hlth threats & to protect the hlth of international travelers through advisories & immunization & vaccine recommendations
• Applies research & findings to improve people’s daily lives
• Responds to hlth emergencies

Question 14

Effective health care delivery systems must

Answer 14

• Incr access & efficiency
• Improve hlth status through hlth promotion & disease prevention
• Eliminate hlth disparities
• Protect individuals & families from financial loss caused by catastrophic illness