HLTH 460 Exam 2 Flashcards
Why shouldn’t marijuana be legalized?
tobacco and alcohol are already big issues
marijuana is intoxicating
there is not enough research (stories vs evidence)
Marijuana has become ____ ____ over time
more potent
Instances in when alcohol is used
social
ritualistic
dietary
medicinal
Manufacturing of alcohol
fermentation
brewing
distillation
ethyl alcohol
Absorption of alcohol
1/5 stomach
4/5 small intestine
Blood alcohol concentration
percent of alcohol in a person’s blood stream
.10 = one part alcohol for every 1000 parts blood
Factors that influence BAC
# of drinks how rapidly consumed size of person gender empty stomach carbonation tolerance
.03 - .07% BAC
coordination and judgement impaired
.08 - .11% BAC
over legal limit
.12 - .19% BAC
coordination/judgement very impaired
.20-.29% BAC
extremely impaired
over .30% BAC
dangerous level of intoxication
Largest alcohol by volume content
Wine
Public health impact of alcohol
3rd leading cause of death
Health problems w/alcohol
Accidents Violence Sexuality Suicide Liver disease Cancer Heart disease Fetal alcohol syndrome
Free market/externality
cost or benefit, not transmitted through prices that are incurred by a party who didn’t agree to the cost/benefits
Reduce alcohol abuse through research
Increased taxes
decreasing days and hours of sale
increase of law enforcement to help with stopping sales to minors
regulation of alcohol outlet density/convenience
Goal of alcohol regulation
NOT prohibition
PREVENTING harmful alcohol use
Why is marijuana not medicine?
unknown ingredients no exact dosage unknown interactions receive from someone other than a pharmacist no exact treatment or disease no evidence to back it up
Cannabis
psychoactive
addictive
has societal and social costs
Sativa cannabis
stimulant
energizing effects
tall narrow-leaf
Indica cannabis
stimulant
sedating effect
stout broad leaf
hemp
industrial
non-intoxicating varities
harvested for fiber, seeds, CBD
Marijuana comes from….
dried leaf of hemp plant
Schedule 1 drug
drugs that are addictive w/no medical purpose
marijuana
Schedule 2 drug
drugs that are addictive but have medical purpose
opioids, cocaine
Schedule 3 drug
drugs that are not addictive and have medical purpose
active ingredient in marijuana
THC
tetrahydrocannabinol
has increased from 3% to 36% from the 60s to present
THC effects on Brain
influence pleasure, memory, concentration, sensory, teime perception, coordinated movement
% of people heavily dependent on marijuana
10 to 14%
What we know about e-cigs
still contain nicotine cause adverse effects to brain popcorn lung can still cause second hand nicotine effects cancer carcinogens present
Components of e-juice
propylene glycol
vegetable glycerin
nicotine
flavoring
Evolution of E-cigs
1st = disposable 2nd = prefilled or refillable 3rd = tanks or mods 4th = Pod mods
Use of E-cigs
1 in 5 high school students
1 in 20 middle school students
pharmaceutical problems
overuse of drugs for medicinal purposes
recreational use of prescription drugs
Why is it the doctor’s fault for opioid addiction?
overfilling prescriptions not spending enough time with patients or education about risks pain contracts too much/large dosage not checking the DOPL system
When a doctor is prescribing someone opioids, what should they inform the patient about?
dose
side effects
potential for addiction
Why is it the patient’s fault for opioid addiction?
doctor shopping don't follow directions want quick fixes pressure doctors influenced by ads shared medication don't dispose of unused medications
How are pharma companies at fault?
business model
overindating the markiet
paying doctors to prescribe more
Medical uses of amphetamines
narcolepsy
ADD
obesity
stimulant to stay awake
Amphetamines
prescription drug
adderall/ritalin
stimulant
most abused by college students and people trying to lose weight
Meth
stimulant
street use, synthetic
created in at-home labs
increases dopamine release and blocks dopamine reuptake
how to use meth
injection
snort
smoke
oral
side effects of meth
extreme weight loss
extreme altertness
little need for food, sleep, sex
withdrawal from meth
extreme depression delusions hallcuinations aggressive behaviors formication
Cocaine
from plant brief high half life of 1 hour blocks dopamine uptake some medical use
Meth vs Cocaine
Meth has long high (lasts hours to days)
man-made
putting cocaine out of business
Both meth and cocaine are
stimulant
schedule 2 drug
Behavioral addictions
addicted to the reward not the thing
always looking for something different
Three A’s of pornography addiction
accessibility
affordability
anonymity
Heroin
is a depressant
Examples of workplace incidents due to illicit substances
Exon Valdez dumped oil in the Alaskan coast
Costa Concordia = cruise ship that crashed
Workplace substance abuse program
- Written substance abuse policy
- Supervisory training program
- Employee education program of policies
- Access to an employee assistance program
- Drug testing program where appropriate that is random and consistent
Costs of substance abuse in workplace
accidents injury theft absenteeism productivity quality friction between employees
Parents vs kids
Kids thought that their parents were more influential than their friends. Parents though opposite
Parenting for prevention
- Happily married
- Quality time
- strong values, rules, guidlines
- check up on your kids. ask questions
- discipline vs punishment
- put holes in life raft
- religion
- example w/substances
- academics, talents
- know their friends
- family dinner/activities
- allow freedom/trust
Prevention Principles
- programs do no harm
- increase protective factors and decrease risk factors
- delivery of clear message
- comprehensive, long term effort
- use research
“programs do no harm”
don’t glamorize or glorify the use of substances
don’t use recovering addicts
“delivery of clear message”
make sure that you indicate that the use of any illegal drug or abuse of any substance is not ok.
“use research”
update information and evaluate the prevention program
Definition of scare of tactic
Emphasizing the worst dangers of drug use in order to create fear and anxiety in hopes that the fear alone will prevent risky behaviors
Why are scare tactics ineffective?
- youth dismiss them
- youth have a different filter
- high risk youth are more attracted to the behavior
- strong scare tactics send unintended messages
Youth dismiss scare tactics as a defense to the feeling of fear
they do it to manage their own fear of the situation
“i know people and they are fine”
avoid, ignore, or make fun
Youth have different filters than adults
- less life experience
- brain development of logical thinking is not fully developed
- live in the moment
- become overwhelmed by emotions
High Risk Youth can be more attracted to the behavior
- Sensation seekers
- impulsive
- danger stimulates thrill
- favorable views means they won’t believe the scare tactic
Strong scare tactics can send unintended messages
messages may reinforce an inidivdual’s minds that everyone is doing it
Create impression that drug use is more prevalent than it actually is
How to stop using scare tactics
Recognize it
PAUSE
Consider the research
Identify other solutions
Spectrum of Prevention (least to most effective)
- Strengthening indiviudal knowledge and kills
- Promoting community education
- Education for providers
- Fostering coalitions and networks
- Changing organizational practices
- Influencing policy and legislation
Levels 1-4 of spectrum of prevention
personal stories and scare tactics shouldn’t be used during these levels. Should be tied to a goal and not the message
