HIV anti-retroviral

Question 1

What three drugs make up ART

Answer 1

Two reverse transcriptase inhibitors and an integrase inhibitor

Question 2

Why is ART so important

Answer 2

18 million lives saved between 2000 and 2021

Question 3

Why is a combination therapy used for ART

Answer 3

Reduces likelihood that drug resistance will occur

Question 4

How are ART drugs metabolised

Answer 4

Bictegravir: CYP3A4 and UGT1A
Tenofovir Alafenamide: Carboxylesterase 1 in the liver
Emtricitabine:excreted in urine unmetabolised

Question 5

How does HIV infect cells

Answer 5

1. Enters CD4 cells
2. Reverse transcriptase converts HIV RNA into Viral DNA
3. Integrase enzymes insert viral DNA into cell genome
4. Cell machinery replicates HIV proteins

Question 6

How does HIV cause disease

Answer 6

Kills CD4 T cells causing immune deficiency

Question 7

Which ART drugs are reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Answer 7

Tenofovir Alafenamide and Emtricitabine

Question 8

How do reverse transcriptase inhibitors treat HIV

Answer 8

1. Integrates into HIV RNA causing termination of viral DNA production
2. Stops reverse transcriptase copying HIV RNA into viral DNA preventing integration into cell genome

Question 9

Which ART drug is a prodrug

Answer 9

Tenofovir Alafenamide- metabolised by carboxylesterase 1

Question 10

How does Bictegravir ART work

Answer 10

Binds to active site of HIV integrase blocking the integration of viral DNA into host cell genome preventing replication

Question 11

What class of drug are the ART drugs

Answer 11

Small molecules