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Biochem Exam 5 > HIV-AIDS > Flashcards

HIV-AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

COVID 19 uses _____ receptor

A

ACE-2

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2
Q

_____ is component of Renin-Angiotensin system (RAS) cleaving ACE-1 and ACE-2

A

ACE-2

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3
Q

Overactivation of _____ is likely to cause COVID 19 morbidity

A

RAS

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4
Q

60% of African Americans have the ____ allele and increased COVID 19 pathology

A

D allele

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5
Q

HIV transformed our understanding of the ______ system

A

Immune system

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6
Q

T/F HIV stimulated enormous progress in understanding of infectious disease, autoimmune diseases and neoplasia !

A

True

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7
Q

What is the oral disease at presentation in HIV?

A

Candida

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8
Q

T/F: The dental health professional may be the first to suspect a patient has HIV/AIDS

A

True

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9
Q

HIV damages ________ which causes oral infections

A

salivary glands

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10
Q

Is HIV curable?

A

No

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11
Q

T/F: HIV studies have advanced our understanding of genetic information, transmission and evolution. It has an unprecedented impact on human health.

A

True

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12
Q

HIV-1 has a ____ and _____ viral replication

A

rapid and high

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13
Q

Error rate of reverse transcriptase in HIV-1 converts ___ to ____

A

RNA to cDNA

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14
Q

What are the 4 groups of HIV-1?

A

Group M, O, N, and P

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15
Q

What is the major group of HIV-1?

A

Group M

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16
Q

Group__ of HIV 1 contains Subtypes A-K- new one “L” discovered•CRF0 1-72+•Unique Recombinants als

A

M

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17
Q

Which subtype of HIV-1 dominates the HIV epidemic?

A

Subtype C

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18
Q

Where is HIV most prevalent in the world?

A

Africa (South Africa)

19
Q

In the US, what percentage of people with HIV are African American?

A

43%

20
Q

In the US, what percentage of people with HIV are white?

A

26%

21
Q

In the US, what percentage of people with HIV are HIspanics?

A

26%

22
Q

In the US, how much of HIV was transmitted from Male to Male sexual contact?

A

67%

23
Q

In the US, how much of HIV was transmitted from heterosexual sexual contact?

A

24%

24
Q

Where did HIV-1 pandemic originate?

A

Congo Basin

25
Q

Where was HIV originally transmitted from?

A

Chimps and Sooty Mangaby

26
Q

How first identified HIV? What did this person call it?

A

Luc Montanier; LAV

27
Q

Who identified HIV in the US? What did this person call it?

A

Gallo; HTLV III

28
Q

What is the mechanism of infection of HIV?

A

Receptor-mediated with massive immunodeficiency

29
Q

HIV virus particle binds to a ___ cell

A

CD4 cell

30
Q

What is the receptor on the cell that the particle binds to in addition to the CD4 cell?

A

CCR5

31
Q

HIV turns into ____ after constituted symptoms reflect immunocompromise

A

AIDS

32
Q

HIV causes _____ that mainly affects cell-mediated immunity

A

immunosuppression

33
Q

What is the unique vascular skin/gut lesion associated with HIV?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

34
Q

1/2 of the lymphomas associated with HIV are primary ____ extranodal lymphomas

A

CNS

35
Q

Severe loss of _____ t cells in HIV lead to opportunistic infections

A

CD4 T cells

36
Q

HIV binds CD4 and ____

A

CCR5

37
Q

Individuals with mutant ____ are resistant to HIV infection

A

CCR5

38
Q

____ cells are required by many other immune cells and are the cells mostly infected directly with HIV; required for antigen processing

A

CD4 t cells

39
Q

____ testing for HIV tests response to virus; used in detection of patient’s antibody against virus

A

serology

40
Q

What are the 2 serologic test used to test for HIV?

A

ELISA and Rapid test- dipstick

41
Q

____ testing tests for the virus itself

A

Antigen test PCR confirmation MTCT

42
Q

_____ detects antibody in plasma; rapid multiple tests from many patients in an hour or 2

A

ELISA

43
Q

In the US-HIV-1 is primarily what subtype of group M?

A

Subtype B

Biochem Exam 5 (9 decks)

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