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Biochem Exam 5 > Collagen Structure and Function Part 1 > Flashcards

Collagen Structure and Function Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

non-cellular component of tissues (outside the cells) that provides support and structure to the tissue. Made up of many fibrous proteins, etc.

A

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

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2
Q

proteins secreted outside the cell that compose the extracellular matrix

A

Extracellular Matrix Protein

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3
Q

the supportive framework of a tissue composed of connective tissue (cells + extracellular matrix)

A

Connective Tissue Stroma

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4
Q

layer of extracellular matrix that separates epithelial cells from (but keeps them adhered to) the underlying stroma

A

Basal Lamina

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5
Q

long unbranched polysaccharides consisting of a repeating disaccharide unit

A

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)

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6
Q

a protein that is highly glycosylated (consists of a core protein that is covalently attached to GAG side chains)

A

Proteoglycan

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7
Q

a protein with covalently attached oligosaccharides (sugar chains)

A

Glycoprotein

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8
Q

a bond that links one protein chain to another

A

Crosslinking

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9
Q

a protein made up of three identical polypeptide chains

A

Homotrimeric

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10
Q

a protein made up of three non-identical polypeptide chains

A

Heterotrimeric

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11
Q

the mature collagen molecule (after post translational modifications, assembly into a trimer and cleavage of the N and C propeptides) – this is the basic building block of collagen fibrils

A

Tropocollagen

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12
Q

a fancy word for a very large molecule!!

A

Macromolecule

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13
Q

a fancy word for a polymeric structure containing a large number of molecules linked together

A

Supramolecular

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14
Q

composed from large repertoire of specialized ECM proteins with various properties assembled into an organized network/meshwork, often in close association with producer cells

A

ECM

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15
Q

specialized tissues in which ECM is more abundant than cells.

A

Connective tissues

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16
Q

specialized mineralized connective tissues of the skeletal system

A

Teeth/Bone

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17
Q

proteoglycan-rich specialized connective tissue

A

Cartilage

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18
Q

______ is beneath oral epithelium – composed of collagen fibers in a connective tissue or STROMAL matrix

A

Lamina Propria

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19
Q

have a stromal matrix containing collagen

A

Gingiva, periodontium

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20
Q

cells embedded in matrix

A

STROMA

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21
Q

collagen embedded in polysaccharide ground substance of hyaluronan+ proteoglycans/glyosaminoglycans compose

A

stromal matrix

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22
Q

STROMAL CELLS –derived from _____ lineage

A

mesodermal

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23
Q

_____ secrete ECM in most connective tissues

A

Fibroblasts

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24
Q

Specialized matrix at interface between connective tissue stroma and epithelium (separates them); important in polarity

A

Basal lamina

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25
Q

Basal lamina is tethered to underlying connective tissue by _______ anchoring fibrils

A

type VII collagen

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26
Q

–refers to the basal lamina combined with this layer of collagen fibrils

A

Basement membrane”

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27
Q

Traditionally viewed as structurally stable material whose function is to provide support/anchorage to cells and tissues/demarcate boundaries between cells/tissues

A

ECM

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28
Q

ECM functions in Support and locomotion-Calcium homeostasis-Protects brain, internal organs in ___

A

bone

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29
Q

ECM functions in Provides strength/structure - Resists shear and compression forces associated with chewing _____

A

teeth

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30
Q

ECM functions in Support and locomotion- Resilient - shock absorber for compressive forces associated with locomotion, mastication etc. in

A

cartilage

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31
Q

_____ plays roles in Embryonic Development (cell adhesion / migration / tissue morphogenesis)-Regulation of Cell Function (signaling / growth / differentiation)-Tissue Repair/wound healing-Angiogenesis

A

ECM

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32
Q

___ functions in ECM to provide tensile strength

A

collagen

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33
Q

____ funciton in ECM in resilience/ resistance to compression

A

Proteoglycans

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34
Q

_____ function in ECM in elasticity and resilience

A

Elastin

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35
Q

_____ function in ECM in controlled elasticity

A

Fibrillin-1

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36
Q

_____ function in ECM in strength, hardness, and brittleness

A

Mineral

37
Q

Long polysaccharides consisting of repeating dissaccharide units– often covalently linked to protein in the form of proteoglycans (form hydrated gel in which fibrous proteins embed–resists compression and aqueous phase permits diffusion of nutrients,etc)

A

Glycosaminoglycans

38
Q

Major structural component of ECM; Trimeric molecules consisting of three identical (homotrimeric) or non-identical heterotrimeric polypeptide chains-α-chains; divided into fibrillar and non-fibrillar

A

collagen

39
Q

Which collagens make up the fibrillar collagens?

A

I, II, III, V, XI

40
Q

____ assemble into higher order rod-like structures (collagen fibrils)

A

fibrillar collagens

41
Q

Which collagens are the main fibrillar collagens?

A

I, II, and III

42
Q

After fibrils form they are _____ between lysines of adjacent molecules which greatly increases tensile strength

A

crosslinked

43
Q

principle collagen found in tendon, bone, ligaments, dentin, and skin (occurs in ECM as elongated fibrils)

A

Type I collagen

44
Q

Principle collagen in cartilage matrix

A

Type II collagen

45
Q

Collagen that is important in dermal reticular fibers

A

Type III collagen

46
Q

Collagen that is associated with type I that may regulate the assembly of heterotypic fibers

A

Type V collagen

47
Q

Collagen found in cartilage and eye; helps regulate spacing/ diameter of type III collagen fibrils

A

Type XI collagen

48
Q

What genes code for collagen chains?

A

COLIA1 and COLIA2

49
Q

T/F: Type 1 Collagen is a heterotrimer

A

True

50
Q

Mutations in the type I collagen genes leads to

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

51
Q

The heterotrimer of type I collagen is made up of ___ alpha chains and ____ beta chains

A

2 alpha and 1 beta

52
Q

T/F: Type 2 collagen is a homotrimer

A

True

53
Q

Type 2 collagen consists of __ alpha chains and ___ beta chains

A

3 alpha and 0 beta

54
Q

Mutations in type 2 collagen causes

A

chondroplasias

55
Q

____ collagens contain Triple helical domains shorter, interrupted by non-collagenous sequences- structureless rigid,more flexible

A

non-fibrillar

56
Q

Type IV, VI-X, XII-XXIII, XXV, XXVI, XXVIII are ___ collagens

A

non-fibrillar

57
Q

Type ___ and ____ collagen have an important role in basement membrane

A

IV and VI

58
Q

Type ___ collagen are a key component of anchoring fibrils that attach epithelia to underlying connective tissue

A

VII

59
Q

Type ___ collagen is a major ECM component of dentin, cementum, and periodontal ligament

A

I

60
Q

___ only calcified tissue that does not contain abundant collagen

A

Enamel

61
Q

____ function in gingiva to anchor tissue to tooth/ bone and resist masticatory forces

A

collagen

62
Q

Collagen in gingiva that are calcified into cementum/ bone at one end and are free at the other end; hold free gingiva against tooth

A

dentinogingival/ alveogingival collagen

63
Q

Collagen in gingiva that encircle the tooth

A

circumferential collagen

64
Q

Collagen in gingiva that hold attached gingiva against bone

A

periosteal collagen

65
Q

Collagen in gingiva that run between teeth

A

Transseptal collagen

66
Q

____ is composed of mainly type 1 collagen and contains oxytalan fibers composed of fibrillin,

A

periodontal ligament

67
Q

portion of fibrils anchored into mineralized cementum or bone

A

Sharpey’s fibers

68
Q

Type ___ collagen is restricted to narrow zone at DEJ

A

IV

69
Q

Type ___ collagen is found in enamel organic matrix adjacent to DEJ; fibers surround enamel rods; may play role in attachment of enamel to underlying dentin

A

VII

70
Q

____ underlies all epithelial cell layers (synthesized by cell resting on it); separates epithelium from underlying CT stroma; determines cell polarity, influences cell metabolism, and regulates cell survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation

A

Basal lamina

71
Q

In Kidney glomerulus ________: important in determining which molecules will pass into urine from blood

A

basal lamina

72
Q

In skin _______: critical for attaching epithelium to lamina propria

A

basal lamina

73
Q

What are the 3 key components of basal lamina?

A

glycoproteins, collagens, and proteoglycans

74
Q

What is the primary component/ main organizer of basal lamina?

A

laminins

75
Q

_______ collagen forms anchoring fibrils that interact with type 1 collagen in stroma and type IV collagen / laminin in basal lamina (BM); important function in anchoring epidermis to dermis or epithelium to underlying stroma

A

type VII collagen

76
Q

Inherited disease due to mutations in COL7A1 that results in very fragile skin/ mucous membranes that blister easily and can by sloughed off, problems with lining of esophagus

A

dystrophic epidermis bullosa

77
Q

Steps of Collagen synthesis

A

Synthesis of pro chain => Hydroxylation of selected prolines and lysines => glycosylation of selected hydroxylysines => self-assembly of 3 pro alpha chains => procollagen triple helix formation (nucleation at C-propeptide) => secretion => cleavage of propeptides => self-assembly into fibril => aggregation of collagen fibrils to form a collagen fiber

78
Q

Primary structure of collagen is primarily made up of what amino acid?

A

Glycine

79
Q

Secondary structure of collagen alpha polypeptide chains (left handed) called

A

collagen helix

80
Q

_____ (aa) confers a 60 degree twist in molecule which disrupts other types of secondary structure

A

proline

81
Q

each ____ is stabilized by static repulsion of pyrrolidone rings of proline and hydroxyproline residues

A

collagen helix

82
Q

3 helical alpha chains wind around each other to form a right handed ____

A

triple helix

83
Q

____ stabilizes triple helix of collagen

A

hydrogen bonding

84
Q

_____ occupies every 3rd residue of collagen because it is the least bulky side chain

A

glycine

85
Q

T/F: Collagens undergo extensive post translational mods in ER prior to triple helix formation

A

True

86
Q

T/F: Several enzymes/ molecular chaperones assist in correct dimerization and folding

A

False; trimerization

87
Q

T/F: Post translational mods of collagen is a coordinated process that must happen at the proper time

A

True

88
Q

Strength of collagen fibrils greatly increased by covalent crosslinking between _____ of adjacent molecules

A

lysine

Biochem Exam 5 (9 decks)

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