HIV Flashcards
HIV Baltimore
RNA reverse transcribing
HIV genome
- hybridized into tRNA, t-RNA a single strand of RNA and makes a DNA copy
- RNA is a primer to make new DNA by using the new DNA from tRNA as a template.
- RNA is completely used up, there will be two DNA strands.
properties of RT
primer free 3'hydroxyl rna>dna template dNTPs DNA synthesis slow and error prone bc no proofreading
HIV nucleocapsid
2 copies of +ssRNA reverse transcriptase Protease Integrase brings MHC and ICAM-1 (cell adhesion) with them
retroviral genes
Gag-matrix and nucleocapsid proteins
Pol-
Env- Gp120, Gp40
Gp120
binds to CD4 receptor on host cell and causes conformational change.
Gp41
binds to CCR5 or CXCR4
Reverse transcriptas
copies +ssRNA into dsDNA
Integrase
allows viral DNA to be integraded into host cell’s DNA
Protease
breaks long chainlike molecules of protein
Gag
determines retroviral core
Pol
reverse transcriptase, RNase H, and integrase functions
Env
envelope protein, resides in lipid layer and determines viral tropism.
ART Antiviral Retro Theory
is a cocktail of drugs that target multiple factors such as viral fusion, RT, Integrase, Protease, viral assembly, and viral regulatory factors. The pill they take daily.
limitation of the control mechanisms for HIV
Cannot stop primary infection, cannot get off daily drugs. Must use ART Therapy and PREP to prevent exposre.
replication
no DNA and no RNA replication in the HIV lifecycle.
HIV transmission
anal or vaginal intercourse, sharing needles, blood transfusions, congential AIDS.
HIV infection
- CCR5 binding strain to dendritic cells and the DC cells takes the virus to lymph nodes.
- Active replication is in lymphoid tissue.
- High levels of viremia and down-regulation of replication by immune response.
vaccine for HIV
not possible
mimic natural immunity and HIV kills immune cells
vaccines are for stable viruses and HIV mutates
no animal models to study
