HIV

Question 1

sensitivity of EIA as screening test

Answer 1

> 99.5%

Question 2

detected in EIA

Answer 2

p24 antigen of HIV

Question 3

confirmatory test HIV

Answer 3

western blot

Question 4

genes detected in a western blot

Answer 4

gag
pol (p31)**
env

Question 5

when western blot is indeterminate

Answer 5

-cross reactive or in the process of mounting an antibody response: repeat testing in a month

Question 6

best indicator the the immediate state of the immunologic competence of the patient with HIV infection

Answer 6

CD4 count

Question 7

T cell count <200/uL

Answer 7

P jiroveci

Question 8

CD4 <50uL

Answer 8

CMV
mycobacteria
M avium complex (MAC)**
T gondii

Question 9

when to perform CD4 count

Answer 9

at the time of diagnosis and every 3-6 month thereafter

Question 10

When to initiate cART

Answer 10

< 500 T cell count

Question 11

T cell count decline indication to change therapy

Answer 11

> 25% decline

Question 12

Comparable to a cd4 count

Answer 12

Tcell of 15

Question 13

percent of HIV individuals with an acute clinical syndrome

Answer 13

50-70%

Question 14

median time for latency

Answer 14

10 years

Question 15

little if any decline in CD4

Answer 15

nonprogressors (low levels of HIV RNA)

Question 16

prophylaxis P jiroveci

Answer 16

TMP SMX

CD4 less than 200

Question 17

MAC prophylaxis

Answer 17

Azith or clarith

Question 18

Toxo gondii

Answer 18

CD4 less than 100

TMP SMX

Question 19

Rx cryptococcus neoformans, occcidoides

Answer 19

fluoconazole

Question 20

Rx histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 20

itraconazole 200 BID

Question 21

Rx salmonella

Answer 21

Ciprofloxacin 500 mg BID

Question 22

encodes proteins that form core of virion

Answer 22

gag

Question 23

encodes enzymes responsible for protease processing of viral proteins

Answer 23

pol

Question 24

encodes envelope glycoproteins

Answer 24

env

Question 25

natural reservoir of HIV 1 M and N groups

Answer 25

Pan troglodytes troglodytes

Question 26

Std treatment for PCP

Answer 26

TMP/SMX for 21 days one double strength tab daily

Question 27

Risk of PCP greatest

Answer 27

with previous bout of PCP | T cell counts less than 200

Question 28

Alternative treatments for mild to moderate PCP

Answer 28

dapsone/trimethoprim clindamycin/primaquine atovaquone

Question 29

Treatment of choice in severe disease if pt unable to tolerate TMP-SMX

Answer 29

IV pentamidine

Question 30

most common finding in chest x-ray PCP

Answer 30

normal film or faint bilateral infiltrate

Question 31

Indications for PCP prophylaxis in patients with HIV

Answer 31

1) prior bout of PCP 2) patient with CD4+ count 2 weeks 5) hx of oropharyngeal candidiasis

Question 32

when is adjunct GC therapy included in PCP treatment

Answer 32

patients paO2 35 mmHg

Question 33

most common atypical mycobacterial infection

Answer 33

M avium | M intracellulare

Question 34

portal of entry MAC

Answer 34

GI tract | respiratory tract

Question 35

MAC counts

Answer 35

CD4 <50

Question 36

most common opportunistic protozoa that can infect GI tract and cause diarrhoea in HIV infected patients

Answer 36

Cryptosporidia Microsporidia Isospora belli

Question 37

treatment isospora

Answer 37

TMP SMX

Question 38

treatment of CMV colitis

Answer 38

ganciclovir | foscarnet

Question 39

Rx histoplasma and penicillum marneffei

Answer 39

Itraconazole

Question 40

Antibodoes to HIV

Answer 40

3-6 weeks

Question 41

Facilitates infection of cells Fc receptor mediated mechanism known as anyibodybenhancement

Answer 41

Abbto gp41

Question 42

rx for pcp if Gmp/smx is not tolerated

Answer 42

IV pentamidine

Question 43

Reactivation pulmonary syndrome

Answer 43

Coccidoides immitis

Question 44

HIV pseudomembranous tracheobronchhitis appearance

Answer 44

Aspergillius

Question 45

MC form of heart dse in HIV pt

Answer 45

CAD

Question 46

Treatment of cryptosporidia

Answer 46

Nitazoxamide

Question 47

Microsporidia main species causing disease in humans

Answer 47

Enterocytozoon bieneusi

Question 48

Hiv drug assoc with fatal fulminant and cholestatic hepatitis, hepatic necrosis and hepatic failure

Answer 48

Nevirapine

Question 49

Rx HIV associated nephropathy

Answer 49

ACEI and prednisone

Question 50

Lipodystrophy ayndrome HiV

Answer 50

``` Elevations in plasma triglycerides Total cholesterol Apolipoprotein B Hyperinsulinemia Hyperglcemia ```

Question 51

Predominant thyroid abnormality in HIV patients

Answer 51

Subclinical hupothyroifism

Question 52

MC affected joint Hiv assoc arthropathy

Answer 52

Knees and ankles

Question 53

Characteristic feature of zidovudine rx

Answer 53

Elevated mean corpuscular volume

Question 54

KSHV associated lymphoproluferatuce disoder seen with increased frequency in HIv infection

Answer 54

Multicentric castlemans disease

Question 55

CD4 T cell count gor pt with histoplasmosis

Answer 55

33/uL

Question 56

Neoplastic diseases considered to be aids defining condition

Answer 56

Kaposis sarcoma Non hodgkins lymphoma Invasive cervical carcinoma

Question 57

Leading cause of infectious meningitis in patients with aids

Answer 57

C neoformans