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Multisystem > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cuase of waterborn illness in USA?

A

Cryptosporidium

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2
Q

What is the infective stage of cryptosporidium?

A

Round oocyst

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3
Q

Intracellular protozoa who’s oocysts are AF-positive and can complete life cycle in single host

A

Cryptosporidian

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4
Q

T or F

Chlorine can be used to deactivate cryptosporidian

A

False, outer shell is protective against chlorine

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5
Q

Cryptosporidium has an outer shell that protects against what?

A

Chlorine & living outside a host

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6
Q

How are humans infected with cryptospora?

A

Swallowing oocyts (food, WATER, direct contact)

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7
Q

Which is the reservoir for cryptosporidium?

A

Animal intestines

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8
Q

What is the pathogenesis of crypto diarrhea?

A

1-30 cause infection, sporozites invide epithelium along microvilli, envelop in membrane, osmotic or secreoty diarrhea

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9
Q

Which immune components are important for protection of a primary cryptosporidian infection?

A

CD4, INF-gamma, IgA

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10
Q

What are the histologic findings of crypto infection?

A

Fusion or loss of villi, atrophy

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11
Q

How do you diagnose crypto?

A

AF staining for oocysts, DFA, PCR. O&P NEGATIVE

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12
Q

Treatment for crypto

A

Support, HAART in AIDS

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13
Q

T or F

Crypto disseminates into the bloodstream in ADIS patients

A

False, there is no dissemination

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14
Q

Oocytes with 4 sporocytes, smaller than 5 um

A

Crypto

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15
Q

Oocytes with no sporocysts and bigger than 10 um

A

Cyclospora

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16
Q

How does cryptosporum cause increase in secretions?

A

Increase in prostaglandins (no toxin)

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17
Q

Which segment of the intestine is most affected by crypto?

A

Jejunum

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18
Q

Consumed berries or travelled and developed watery diarrhea

A

Cyclospora

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19
Q

Reservoir for cyclospora

A

unknown

20
Q

Transmission of cyclospora

A

Fecal-oral

21
Q

AF unsporulated cyst passed by host

A

cyclospora

22
Q

Explain the life cycle of cyclospora

A

Oocytes passed (not infectious), sporulation at high temps, ingestion of sporulated oocyts, sporozytes released and go to jejunum, sexual & asexual, shed

23
Q

T or F

There is no lifelong immunity from cyclospora

A

True

24
Q

How to diagnose cyclospora

A

Wet mount (wet spheres), flurescence (blue-green), PCR

25
Q

Wrinkled spheres w/variable AF staining on wet mount

A

Cyclospora

26
Q

Blue-gren fluorescence under UV light

A

Cyclospra

27
Q

How to treat cyclospora

A

Bactrim & HAART

28
Q

Elipsoid oocyte with 1 or 2 sporoblasts

A

Isospora belli

29
Q

And immature Isospora oocyte contains how many sporoblasts?

A
  1. It will mature to have 2, which will have 4 sporozoites each.
30
Q

Transmission of isospora

A

Fecal-oral (food, water)

31
Q

Pathogenesis of isospora

A

Infects SI, causes atrophy, crypt hypertrophy, inflammation, malabsorption

32
Q

Non-bloody diarrhea, cramps, weight loss, eosinophilia

A

Isospora

33
Q

How do you diagnose isospora?

A

Wet mount or acid fast

34
Q

How do you treat isospora?

A

Bactrim or HAART

35
Q

Which is the least common intestinal coccindian to infect humans?

A

Isospora

36
Q

Polar filament and resistant spores

A

Microsporidia

37
Q

Watery diarrhea seen with CD4 counts under 50

A

Microsporidia or mycobacterium

38
Q

Treatment for microsporidia

A

Albendezole + HAART

39
Q

Diagnose microsporidia

A

microscopy, flurescence, PCR (research)

40
Q

MAC common if CD4 counts under

A

50

41
Q

Treatment for MAC

A

MAcrolide, ethambutol, HAART

42
Q

CMV treatment

A

ganciclovir, foscarnet, HAART

43
Q

Punctate hemmorages with ulcerations on colonoscopy, intranuclear inclusions, bloody diarrhea, fecal leukocytes

A

CMV

44
Q

Diagnose CMV

A

intranuclear inclusions (pp65 PCR may be positive but not causative)

45
Q

HAART drugs that cause diarrhea

A

Protease inhibitors (nelfinavir, lopinavir, ritonovir)

Multisystem (5 decks)

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