HIV

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

An immuno deficiency disorder in which HIV uses CD4 cells as a receptor in reservoir for HIV

Question 2

HIV Epidemiology

Answer 2

The modes of transmission are similar to those of hepatitis B but specifically: blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breastmilk

1. Needle sharing
2. Anal intercourse
3. Vaginal intercours

Question 3

HIV Signs/Symptoms

Answer 3

1. Flu-like symptoms: think seroconversion 3 weeks to 6 months
2. Early signs: Fever, night sweats and weight loss

AIDS= CD4 <200

Question 4

HIV Lab/Diagnostics

Answer 4

1. HIV 1/2 antigen/antibody combination immunoassay; if positive, proceed to:
2. HIV 1/2 antibody differentiation immunoassay

CD4 = normal 500-1200

Viral load: PCR # of copies of HIV RNA per ml of blood; ideally it should be 0

Question 5

HIV Management

Answer 5

1. Therapy for opportunistic infection: treat infection as it occurs, Bactrim for pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis
2. Antiviral treatment: AART
3. Monitor for danger of drug resistance

Question 6

Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

Answer 6

1 Had anal or vaginal sex in the past 6 months and have a partner with HIV or not consistently wearing a condom, or been diagnosed with an STD in the last 6 months

2. Recommended for people who inject drugs and have an injection partner with HIV or share needles
3. Considered for people who have been prescribed non occupation PEP and repeat continued risk behavior

Question 7

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)

Answer 7

Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Truvada)
Recommended to prevent HIV for all people at risk through sex or injection drug use
Emtricitabine/tenfovir alafenamide (Descovy)
Recommended to prevent HIV for people at risk through, sex, excluding people at risk through receptive vaginal sex