history unit 6 Flashcards
In what country did the Industrial Revolution begin and in what time period
England, mid 1700s
What are the factors of production
land, labor, capital
Which industry was the first to be industrialized
Textile industry
Why does improving transportation help a country’s economy
Helps things transport quicker
What invention was vital to improving transportation in the 1800s
Steam engine
How did railroads help the fishing and agricultural industries
Could now transport goods further and faster
What is urbanization
Building cities and the movement of people to the cities
Where did cities develop and why there
Near factories, so they were close to where they worked
Describe what factory conditions were like during the Industrial Revolution
Long hours, and bad and dirty working conditions
Who made up the middle class
skilled workers, professionals, business people and wealthy farmers
What was the goal of most labor unions
Workers joined together to be more active in politics
Reform laws will eventually be passed in what three areas
Great britain, united states, brazil
What two things caused the Industrial Revolution to spread to the U.S. in the 1800s
aided by having lots of natural resources and the British blockade during the War of 1812 forced the US to produce even more goods domestically
.What three continents were far behind in the process of industrialization
Asia, africa, south america
What European country became an industrial and military leader by the end of the 1800s
germany
Why didn’t France experience many of the problems that other industrialized countries faced
More measured and controlled due to the strong agricultural economy
What is a laissez-faire economy
Economic policy where the people control all aspects of business without government involvement
What were Adam Smith’s Three Natural Laws of Economics
The Law of Self-Interest, The Law of Competition, The Law of Supply and Demand
.What is capitalism and how does it work
An economic system in which the factors of production are privately owned, Corporations developed where multiple people pool their money into a big business
What is socialism and how does it work
Economic system where the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all, Grew out of an optimistic view of human nature that everyone is concerned about everyone else
According to Marxism, what would happen in the future
The capitalist system will eventually destroy itself
What is communism and how does it work
A form of complete socialism in which the means of production would be owned by the people, All goods and services would be shared equally
What are four positive economic effects and one negative effect of the Industrial Revolution
Good- New inventions and development of factories, Increased production and high demand for raw materials, Growth of worldwide trade, Advances in transportation, agriculture, communication, banking, Bad- Also led to massive pollution in some areas and drastic changes in the physical environment
What is suffrage
the right to vote
Which Amendment granted women’s suffrage in the U.S. and when was that
19th, 1920
What was the Zionist movement
A movement for the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine
What is anti-Semitism
you don’t like the jews and want to get rid of them
What was the Dreyfus Affair
Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish officer in the French military, was framed for selling secrets to Germans
List four areas that were Dominions of Great Britain
Canada, australia, new zealand, ireland
What was a dominion
Self-governing in domestic affairs, but remains part of the larger British empire
Why was the colony of Australia founded
British established Australia as a penal colony due to prison overcrowding in England
Why did over a million people immigrate from Ireland in the mid-1800s
Due to the Potato famine
What was the Easter Uprising and who won
Irish nationalists rebelled in Dublin, england
What is the IRA and what do they want
Irish Republican Army, an unofficial military force seeking independence for Ireland
What part of Ireland is part of the United Kingdom or Great Britain
northern
What is Manifest Destiny
idea that the U.S. would expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean
.List 5 inventions and their inventors from the 1800s
Thomas Edison the light bulb, Alexander Graham Bell the telephone, Guglielmo Marconi the radio, Henry Ford the Interchangeable parts and the assembly line, wright brothers the flying machine
What did Louis Pasteur accomplish
proved microorganisms cause disease, developed vaccines
What did Joseph Lister accomplish
stressed the importance of cleanliness and sterilizing equipment used in surgeries
List 4 areas of science that saw advancement and which scientist was involved in each
Charles Darwin the Theory of Evolution, Gregor Mendel- Genetics, Dmitri Mendeleev the Periodic Table, Marie Curie- Radioactivity
Define imperialism
The seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country
What are 3 causes of imperialism
Nationalism, Economic Competition, Missionary Spirit
What are 3 effects of imperialism
Colonization, Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up cash-crop economies that are dependent on the mother country, Christianization
What are the 4 forms of imperialism
COLONY, PROTECTORATE, SPHERE OF INFLUENCE, ECONOMIC IMPERIALISM
What European country claimed the Congo in 1908
belgium
What two natural resources did European countries want from Africa
Gold, minerals
What was the purpose of the Berlin Conference
14 European nations meet to lay down rules for the division of Africa
List 4 positive results of colonialism in Africa
Reduced local warfare, Improved sanitation, hospitals, schools, Economic expansion, Infrastructure development
.List 4 negative results of colonialism in Africa
Africans lost control of their land and independence, Disease and famine spread, Breakdown of traditional cultures, Division of the African continent
Define geopolitics
An interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products
Who fought in the Crimean War and who won
Russia and the ottomans, ottomans won
What were two “firsts” from the Crimean War
First time women established their position as army nurses- florence nightingale, First war to be covered in person by newspaper reporters
Who was involved in the “Great Game” and what were they fighting over
Great Britain and Russia fight over India
What was the Sepoy Army
The British East India Company’s Army
For what 2 reasons was India the “Jewel in Britain’s Crown
Major supplier of raw materials, Large potential market for British goods
What was the result of the Sepoy Mutiny
British government took direct control of India
.Why did Japan begin trading with the U.S.
we sent ships to japan and forced them to
What was the Meiji Era in Japan
Time period when Japan began to westernize
What were the results of the Sino-Japanese War
Showed Japan’s emergence as a world power and the weakness of the Qing Dynasty in China, Chinese navy was destroyed, Japan gains a foothold in Manchuria and other colonies in Asia
What was the Open Door Policy and why was it started
U.S. proposed that China’s trade be open to merchants of all nations in 1899, and that China would not be colonized, reason for this was the U.S. wanted to trade in China too
What were the results of the Russo-Japanese War
japan defeated Russia and gained territories, Showed weaknesses in Russian military, Led to revolution in Russia in 1905-06 and Czar Nicholas II had to agree to becoming a constitutional monarchy
.What did the Monroe Doctrine state
Stated the American continents were closed to further colonization
What were the results of the Spanish-American War
Cuba is given its independence, U.S. gains Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines from Spain, U.S. is now viewed as a world power
How did the U.S. get permission to build the Panama Canal
U.S. offered to pay Colombia for the right to build a canal, but Colombia refused, U.S. then urged a revolt in Panama which was part of Colombia, Panama wins its independence and gives the U.S. permission to build the Panama Canal
What is the Roosevelt Corollary
Said the U.S. has the right to be “an international police power” when needed to restore stability in the Western Hemisphere
