civics unit 7 Flashcards
Explain the two ways a person can become a U.S. citizen
By birth, or naturalization process
What is the difference between an alien and an immigrant
Person from another country that comes to the US to stay or visit for a while, a person who moves to the US perminetly
What are the 5 steps in the naturalization process
Sign a Declaration of Intent, Take citizenship classes, Take citizenship test, Background check, Ceremony and Oath in court
Who can have their U.S. citizenship revoked? Who can’t
A naturalized citizen can, a natural born cannot
What is expatriation?
to give up one’s citizenship by leaving one’s native country to live in a foreign country
List in order the groups in the U.S. that have been given basic rights/citizenship over the years
white men some states required land ownership, black men added based on the 14th and 15th Amendments, women and many Native Americans were still not considered full citizens, Women were granted suffrage by the 19th Amendment, Native Americans were granted citizenship with the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, The Civil Rights movement, of the 1950s and 1960s secured basic rights for African-Americans, Suffrage granted to 18 year olds by the 26th Amendment in 1971
Approximately how many illegal aliens are in the U.S
12 mil
What is ICE and what department do they fall under
investigates cases, part of Dept. of Homeland Security, Immigration and Customs Enforcement
What are 3 things that legal aliens cannot do in this country
Cannot vote in elections or run for office, Cannot work most government jobs, or serve on a jury
What does the Legal Immigration and Revision Act of 1990 do, What special consideration is given?
Increased the quota of immigrants allowed to enter the U.S., to those with needed job skills
Explain how we are a nation of immigrants
We live in a diverse society
.In chronological order, explain how immigration patterns have changed in the U.S.
After the Revolutionary War, most immigrants to the U.S. were coming from northern and western Europe, Between 1890 and 1924 most immigrants to the U.S. came from eastern and southern Europe
The U.S. population has increased largely due to what
Agricultural techiques
How has our economy transformed over the years
12 million people to 120 million people
What is the fastest growing ethnic group in the country
Hispanics
.In what documents can our national identity be found
Declaration of Independence, The U.S. Constitution, The Bill of Rights
List 5 things that can affect the development of a person’s ideas and values
Family, Religion, Education, Government, Social
What was Thomas Hobbes’ views on government
Believed in a “social contract” between people and government, Wrote about the need to have government because people are naturally bad
List John Locke’s four ideas on government and natural rights
People have the natural rights to life, liberty, and property ownership,People create the government to protect their rights,Government derives/gets its power from the people, If a government deprives people of their basic rights, the government could/should be overthrown
What are the four functions of government
Keep order, Provide Security, Provide Services, Guide the Community
What are the two modern types of government
Authoritarian or Democratic
What are the two types of a democracy
Direct, indirect
Explain the difference between a direct and an indirect democracy
All citizens have a vote in making the laws for direct, All citizens vote for representatives who make the laws for them
List the 5 principles of American democracy
Rule of Law, Limited Government, Consent of the governed, Individual Rights, Representative government
What are the 3 types of authoritarian governments
Absolute Monarchy, Dictatorship, Totalitarian
What were Jim Crow laws? When were they passed
to deny rights to African-Americans
What was the decision in Plessy v Ferguson 1896
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal so long as the facilities were “separate but equal”
What did Executive Order 9981 do
President Harry Truman ordered an end to segregation in the nation’s armed forces
What was the ruling in Brown v Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas 1954
The Supreme Court ruled that segregation violated the 14th Amendment principle of “equal protection under the law”
What sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and who led it
local African-American community, Martin Luther King, Jr.
What happened at Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas
AR Governor Faubus ordered the AR National Guard to keep 9 black students out of the segregated white school and President Eisenhower sent in federal paratroopers and nationalized the AR National Guard and ordered them to protect the 9 black students
Who were Freedom Riders and what were they protesting
African-Americans and whites sympathetic to the cause traveled by bus into the South, segregated bus terminals
Who is viewed as the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.What methods did he advocate
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., civil disobedience and non-violent resistance
What did the Greensboro Four do
African-American college freshmen sat at a segregated Woolworth’s lunch counter in Greensboro to protest
Who was Medgar Evers and what happened to him
Worked for the NAACP, he was murderd
What was the purpose of the Selma to Montgomery march? What was done in order to protect the marchers
encourage African-American voter registration in Alabama , federal troops protected
How did Malcolm X’s views change
preaching blacks and whites needed to work together
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do
It banned discrimination by race, color, gender, religion and national origin, Strengthened the 14th Amendment equal protection under the law
How did the 24th Amendment help black voters
banned poll taxes in America
How did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 strengthen the 15th Amendment
ensured all citizens the right to vote, regardless of race at the state and local levels
What is affirmative action
these programs encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities and women
What is a hate crime
acts of violence based on a person’s race, color, national origin, gender, sexuality or disability
Explain the decision in Dred Scott v Sandford 1857
the court ruled that enslaved people, and by extension, people of African descent, were not and could never be citizens of the United States, and therefore lacked the right to sue in federal court
Explain the decision in Elk v Wilkins 1884
ruled that an Indian born within the United States, who had severed tribal ties and lived among white citizens, was not automatically a citizen under the Fourteenth Amendment unless formally naturalized
Explain the decision in U.S. v Wong Kim Ark 1898
the Court ruled that the Fourteenth Amendment’s Citizenship Clause grants birthright citizenship to anyone born in the United States, regardless of their parents’ nationality or citizenship status
What issue does the three cases above all deal with
They all had to do with the fourteenth amendment
Explain the decision in Lochner v New York 1905.
The Supreme Court struck down a New York law limiting bakers’ work hours, arguing that it violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause by infringing on the freedom of contract.
Explain the decision in Griswold v Connecticut 1965
the Supreme Court ruled that a state law prohibiting the use of contraceptives violated the right to privacy, which it found to be implicit in the Constitution, specifically within the “penumbras” of the Bill of Rights, establishing a fundamental right to marital privacy
Explain the decision in Roe v Wade 1973
ruled that a woman’s right to choose an abortion was protected under the Fourteenth Amendment’s right to privacy, but this right was not absolute, and states could regulate or ban abortion in the later stages of pregnancy
What issue does the three cases above all deal with
All of theres deals with the 14th amendment als
Explain the decision in Kelo v New London 2005
ruled in favor of the city saying the 5th Amendment doesn’t require a literal public use; it can be for a public purpose
Explain the decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization 2022
Justice Clarence Thomas urged the Supreme Court to reconsider their rulings in previous cases that established the right to use birth control and gay marriage
Explain the decision in New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v Bruen 2022
the Supreme Court ruled that the 2nd Amendment protects the right to carry handguns in public for self-defense
Explain the decision in Kennedy v Bremerton School District 2022.
in favor of Kennedy because his prayers were private rather than part of government speech and weren’t part of his duties as a school district employee
