history 9 Flashcards
What 3 things were agreed to at the Yalta Conference and by whom
Germany would undergo demilitarization and denazification, Stalin agreed that France would have a fourth occupation zone in Germany if it was formed from the American and the British zones, Agreement to the priority of the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany
What organization replaced the League of Nations
United nations
Where are UN headquarters located
New york
Who are the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council
China, France, Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States
Who had zones of occupation in Germany after WWII
Great Britain in the northwest, France in the southwest, the United States in the south and the Soviet Union in the east
What speech is viewed as the start of the Cold War and who gave the speech
Churchill’s famous words “From Stettin in the Baltic, to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent
What were the satellite countries
East europe
Who were the main countries involved in the Cold War even though they never fought each other
United state and russia
Whose occupation zones made up East Germany
russia
Whose occupation zones made up West Germany
France, great britian, US
Explain the Berlin Blockade/Airlift
The Western Allies responded with a massive airlift to come to West Berlin’s aid
What was the foreign policy of containment
the US would provide political, military, and economic aid to democratic countries under the threat of communist influences in order to prevent the expansion of communism
What was the Marshall Plan
proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe
What was the Truman Doctrine
the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces
What structure was viewed as a symbol of the Cold War
The berlin wall
What was MAD
Mutual assured destruction
What communist leader took over China in 1949
Mao
Who led the nationalists in China? On what island will they end up
Chiang Kai-shek, taiwan
What was the Red Guard
The Red Guards were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong
Who supported each side in the Korean War
North Korea was supported by the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union, while South Korea was supported by the United Nations Command (UNC) led by the United States
Why did President Truman fire General MacArthur
Truman felt that his decision was just because MacArthur had overstepped his authority
Along what line of latitude is Korea divided and What is the area between the two Koreas called
the 38th parallel, demilitarized zone
Who led the communists in Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh
What was the domino theory
if one country fell to Communism, the surrounding countries would fall, like dominoes
Which side did the U.S. support in the Vietnam War
South vietnam
Who were the Vietcong
the military branch of the National Liberation Front (NLF), and were commanded by the Central Office for South Vietnam
What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and why was it important
authorizing President Johnson to take any measures he believed were necessary to retaliate and to promote the maintenance of international peace and security in southeast Asia
What was President Nixon’s idea of Vietnamization
a program designed to shift the responsibility of the war from the U.S. to the South Vietnamese, allowing the United States to gradually withdraw its troops from Vietnam
What happened at the Bay of Pigs
abortive invasion of Cuba
Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis
the Soviet Union began to secretly install missiles in Cuba to launch attacks on U.S. cities
What happened in the Iranian Revolution
toppling of the monarchy on February 11, 1979, and led to the establishment of an Islamic republic
What happened to the U.S. embassy in Teheran
Iranian students seized the embassy and detained more than 50 Americans
What was the Prague Spring
a strong attempt by Dubček to grant additional rights to the citizens of Czechoslovakia in an act of partial decentralization of the economy and democratization
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine
Soviet foreign policy that proclaimed that any threat to “socialist rule” in any state of the Soviet Bloc in Central and Eastern Europe was a threat to all of them, and therefore, it justified the intervention of fellow socialist states
What was the policy of détente and who started it
formal agreements on arms control and the security of Europe, U.S. president Richard Nixon
How was India partitioned by Great Britain
a central and southern part, where Hindus formed the majority. two parts in the north-west and north-east that were mostly Muslim
Who were the Mau Mau
members had supposedly pledged to slaughter Europeans and drive them out of Africa
Who was the National Liberation Front and what did they want
to overthrow the government of South Vietnam and reunite North and South Vietnam
What was apartheid
in South Africa was the racial segregation under the all-white government
Who was Nelson Mandela
South Africa’s first democratically elected president
What was the purpose of the Truth and Reconciliation
provided those directly or indirectly affected by the legacy of the Indian Residential Schools system with an opportunity to share their stories and experiences
Who created the nation of Israel and why? Whose land was taken
The British promised the Jewish people a country in the Balfour Declaration and also promised the Palestinians independence.
What is the PLO and who was their leader
Yasser Arafat, The Palestine Liberation Organization is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people.
Who reached a peace agreement at the Camp David Accords
Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem
Who reached a peace agreement at the Oslo Peace Accords
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization
Who invaded Afghanistan in 1979
Soviet union
What group took over most of Afghanistan by 1998
taliban
Why did the Persian Gulf War start? Who was the leader of the invading country
Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait
What terrorist group planned and carried out the September 11th attacks on the U.S. andWho was the leader of that group
Al queda, bin laden
What countries did the U.S. invade in the War on Terror
Afghanistan and Iraq
Who was the Premier of the Soviet Union when the Cold War ended
Nikolai Ryzhkov
What were glasnost and perestroika
Perestroika was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Glasnost was taken to mean increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union
What was the first satellite to overthrow its communist government
poland
What is the symbolic end of the Cold War
Berlin wall down
What satellite country ended up in a civil war after overthrowing their communist government
Who committed genocide during this civil war and against whom? Bosnia, Serbs in Bosnia on muslims in bosnia
What Russian province tried to secede in 1994
President Yeltsin
Who is the current President of Russia
putin
What territory did Russia annex in 2014 and to whom did that territory belong
Crimean Peninsula which was part of the Ukraine
Where did the Chinese military kill hundreds of peaceful protests in 1989
Tiananmen Square
