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history unit 5 > 1 > Flashcards

1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an absolute monarch

A

hold all the power within their state’s boundaries

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2
Q

What is Divine Right

A

God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as God’s representative on Earth

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3
Q

Why did Spain expel the Jews and Muslims

A

They thought they had to much economic influence over the kingdoms

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4
Q

Why was expelling the Jews and Muslims a problem for Spain in the long run

A

They began importing more than exporting

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5
Q

Why did the Dutch revolt against Spain

A

High taxes, and unemployment

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6
Q

Who were the Huguenots

A

French protestants

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7
Q

What did the Edict of Nantes do

A

declared that Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities

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8
Q

What was the name of Louis XIV’s palace and what did he call himself

A

Versailles, the sun king

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9
Q

What were 3 results of the Peace of Westphalia

A

Ended the Thirty Years’ War and recognized that Europe was a group of independent states. It abandoned the idea that Europe was a catholic empire.

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10
Q

Give 3 beliefs of Frederick the Great that make him an Enlightened Despot

A

Believed that being a ruler was a duty, Practiced religious toleration and outlawed judicial torture, Did not want the German speaking people unified

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11
Q

Who were the boyars

A

Russian nobles

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12
Q

What dynasty will rule Russia for 300 years

A

romanovs

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13
Q

What Russian czar wanted to westernize Russia

A

Peter the great

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14
Q

Why were Puritans and Scots rebelling against Charles I

A

Because he is trying to get everybody to follow the anglican church

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15
Q

What did Charles I try to do to the leaders of Parliament and what was the result

A

He tried to arrest the leaders but they were already gone

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16
Q

Who fought in the English Civil War and who did each side support

A

Charles l and parliament, those supporting charles l and those supporting parliament

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17
Q

Who won the English Civil War

A

parliament

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18
Q

What happened to Charles I and why is it significant

A

He was executed, he was the first european monarch to be executed

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19
Q

Who is the new leader of England after the English Civil War

A

Oliver cromwell

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20
Q

What is Restoration

A

Restored the English monarchy, but not absolutism

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21
Q

What does the writ of habeas corpus do

A

Every prisoner has the right to be brought before a judge to specify the charges against him, and the judge then decides if the prisoner is set free or faces trial

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22
Q

What is the Glorious Revolution

A

William and Mary led an army to England to overthrow James II and James fled to France and did not fight; it is known as the bloodless revolution because nobody died.

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23
Q

List 5 things guaranteed in the English Bill of Rights

A

Parliament must approve of taxes, no cruel or unusual punishment, Parliament must approve raising an army, freedom to bear arms for self-defense, freedom from royal interference with the law

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24
Q

What is the heliocentric theory and who originally proposed it

A

The Sun is at the center and the Earth revolves around the Sun, Nicholas Copernicus

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25
Q

Who was brought before the Inquisition for supporting the heliocentric theory

A

galileo

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26
Q

For what idea is Johannes Kepler credited

A

Planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun

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27
Q

For what method is Francis Bacon credited

A

The Scientific Method

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28
Q

Who came up with the 3 laws of motion and calculus

A

Issac newton

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29
Q

Define Enlightenment

A

A new intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought, and the power of individuals to solve problems

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30
Q

According to Thomas Hobbes, what is the social contract

A

People hand over their rights to a strong ruler in exchange for law and order

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31
Q

List 4 of John Locke’s views on government

A

Natural rights to live, liberty, and poverty. Government derives its from the people, People create government to protect their rights, People have the right and duty to overthrow a government that does not protect their rights

32
Q

What is Rationalism

A

method of understanding the world based on using reason to gain knowledge

33
Q

Who influenced James Madison on creating a government with a separation of powers

A

montesquieu

34
Q

Who pushed for more rights for women in education and society

A

Mary wollstonecraft

35
Q

What is deism

A

Belief in God based on reason rather than revelation or the teaching of any specific religion

36
Q

What did “Common Sense” argue and who wrote it

A

arguing it was common sense that the colonies should be independent, thomas paine

37
Q

Who influenced Thomas Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence

A

John locke

38
Q

Who made up the 1st Estate in France? What percentage of the population

A

Clergy, 1%

39
Q

Who made up the 2nd Estate in France? What percentage of the population

A

nobles, 2%

40
Q

Who made up the 3rd Estate in France? What percentage of the population

A

everyone else, 97%

41
Q

Which Estate paid almost all of the taxes in France

A

third

42
Q

Who were the King and his wife at the beginning of the French Revolution

A

Louis 16, marie antoinette

43
Q

What was the Estates-General and why were they called together after 175 years

A

Assembly of representatives from all three Estates, to approve a new tax on the nobility

44
Q

Who created the National Assembly, why and why was it significant

A

The third estate, it is The beginning of representative government in France

45
Q

What was the Bastille and what happened there

A

To defend against the rumored attack, citizens stormed the Bastille, a Paris prison, in search of gunpowder

46
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath

A

The Third Estate was locked out of their meeting room, the delegates met on the tennis court and vowed to keep meeting until they drafted a constitution and were recognized by the King

47
Q

Who was the leader of the Committee of Public Safety

A

Maximilian Robespierre

48
Q

What was the time period during the revolution called where over 40,000 people were executed

A

reign of terror

49
Q

What group became the leaders after the execution of Robespierre

A

Five men that were moderates

50
Q

Who seized power in 1799

A

napoleon

51
Q

What is the significance of Napoleon crowning himself emperor in 1804

A

Signaled that he was more powerful than the Church

52
Q

Why is the Battle of Trafalgar important

A

The only major battle Napoleon lost, The French fleet was destroyed

53
Q

What was the Continental System

A

A blockade to prevent all trade and communication between Great Britain and Continental Europe

54
Q

Who fought in the Peninsular War

A

france and spain

55
Q

How did Napoleon lose most of his soldiers in Russia

A

Russians used the scorched-earth policy

56
Q

What battle was Napoleon’s final defeat

A

waterloo

57
Q

What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna

A

Was a series of meetings called to set up policies to establish long-lasting peace and stability on the European continent

58
Q

List from top to bottom the social classes in Latin American society and explain who was in each class

A

Peninsulares are people born in spain, creoles are people born in latin america, mestizos and mulattos are about the same, and at the bottom are the indians and slaves

59
Q

Which social class led most of the Latin American revolutions

A

creoles

60
Q

Who was Simon Bolivar and what did he accomplish

A

a Venezuelan Creole, Led independence movements against Spain throughout northern South America

61
Q

What did Miguel Hidalgo want to happen as a result of the revolution in Mexico

A

calling for the end of Spanish rule, for racial equality, and for redistribution of land.

62
Q

Which Latin American revolution was bloodless and from what country did they gain their independence

A

revolution in brazil, portugal

63
Q

Explain the differences between Conservatives, Liberals and Radicals in Europe.

A

Conservatives - usually wealthy property owners and nobility, wanted to protect traditional monarchies
Liberals - mostly middle-class business leaders and merchants, wanted to give more power to elected parliaments
Radicals - favored drastic change to extend democracy to all people

64
Q

What is nationalism

A

The belief that people’s greatest loyalty should not be to a king or an empire, but to a nation of people who share a common culture and history

65
Q

What is a unification type of nationalist movement and give two examples

A

Mergers of politically divided, but culturally similar lands, 19th century germany and italy

66
Q

What is a separation type of nationalist movement and give two examples

A

Culturally distinct group resists being added to a state or tries to break away, Greeks in the Ottoman Empire, French-speaking Canadians

67
Q

What is a state-building type of nationalist movement and give one example

A

Culturally distinct groups form into a new state by accepting a single culture, the U.S.

68
Q

Nationalism will help bring about the end of what three European empires

A

austrian, russian, ottoman

69
Q

Who was Otto von Bismark and what did he achieve

A

Prime Minister of Prussia, Realpolitik

70
Q

Why did France lose a large portion of their skilled workers when Louis XIV cancelled the Edict of Nantes

A

Because they thought they were being persecuted because they were protestant and not catholic so they left.

71
Q

Who influenced James Madison on the belief that people need the freedom of religion

A

voltaire

72
Q

Who influenced James Madison when he wrote the 8th Amendment that bans cruel and unusual punishment

A

Cesare beccaria

73
Q

What group did the new constitution that was written by the National Assembly create

A

legislative assembly

74
Q

What was the new legislature called that was created by the Legislative Assembly

A

national convention

75
Q

How is the Haitian Revolution different from all the other revolutions that we have talked about ? Was the outcome?

A

It was a slave revolt, got their independence from france

76
Q

What two European countries will achieve unification in 1871

A

Germany and italy

history unit 5 (5 decks)

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