History Test 10/14

Question 1

Placer Mining

Answer 1

to extract the shallow deposits of ore largely by hand

Question 2

Quartz Mining

Answer 2

to dig deep beneath the surface

Question 3

Dry Farming

Answer 3

to plant deep beneath the ground, new plows make feasible

Question 4

Homestead Act

Answer 4

provided 160 acres of land to anyone who would farm it

Question 5

Open Range

Answer 5

cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership

Question 6

Long Drive

Answer 6

the long herding distance to the trains

Question 7

Indian Peace Commission

Answer 7

group formed to establish peace w/ hostile tribes

Question 8

Assimilation

Answer 8

to absorb

Question 9

Gross National Product

Answer 9

the total value of all goods and services produced by a country

Question 10

Entrepreneur

Answer 10

people who risk their capital in organizing and running a business

Question 11

Corporation

Answer 11

an organization owned by many ppl but treated by law as though it were a single person

Question 12

Monopoly

Answer 12

when a single company achieves control of an entire market

Question 13

Trust

Answer 13

allows one person to manage another’s property

Question 14

Holding Company

Answer 14

hold stock of other companies which produce goods

Question 15

Trade Union

Answer 15

specialized skills workers have representation to negotiate w/ employers

Question 16

Industrial Union

Answer 16

unite all workers in a particular industry (craft and common labors)

Question 17

Marxism

Answer 17

the ideas of Karl Marx where were very influential in Europe

Question 18

Anarchism

Answer 18

no gov. needed

Question 19

Closed Shop

Answer 19

companies that would only hire union members

Question 20

Steerage

Answer 20

the most basic and cheapest accommodations on a steamship

Question 21

Ellis Island

Answer 21

an immigration station where Europeans would go

Question 22

Angel Island

Answer 22

often stuck in detention barracks. Asians would come here

Question 23

Nativism

Answer 23

anti-immigration

Question 24

Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 24

this law barred Chinese immigration for 10yrs and prevented existing Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens. Permanent in 1902

Question 25

Gilded Age

Answer 25

the late 1800s

Question 26

Tenements

Answer 26

dark and crowded multi-family apartments

Question 27

Political Machine

Answer 27

an informal political group designed to gain & keep power

Question 28

Party Bosses

Answer 28

run the political machines

Question 29

Individualism

Answer 29

no matter the origins of ppl. can rise through society based on work ethic and talents

Question 30

Social Darwinism

Answer 30

catchphrase for the name of Herbert Spencer's belief that society only became better b/c only the fittest ppl. survived

Question 31

Philanthropy

Answer 31

using their great fortunes to further social progress

Question 32

Social Gospel

Answer 32

biblical ideas through charity & justice

Question 33

Americanization

Answer 33

to gather kids into schools to learn about American culture

Question 34

Realism

Answer 34

art and literature that portrays realistically instead of idealizing them

Question 35

Settlement Houses

Answer 35

when middle class residents lived w/ poorer people (usually immigrants) to help & support them

Question 36

Pendleton Act

Answer 36

set up a civil service system w/ appointments of candidates based on examinations (away from spoils system)

Question 37

Interstate Commerce Act

Answer 37

federal gov't regulates interstate commerce

Question 38

Populism

Answer 38

farmers in economic crisis this independent political movement

Question 39

Inflation

Answer 39

a decline in the value of money

Question 40

Deflation

Answer 40

an increase in the value of money

Question 41

Graduated Income Tax

Answer 41

one that taxed higher earnings more heavily

Question 42

Poll Tax

Answer 42

a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual

Question 42

Poll Tax

Answer 42

a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual

Question 43

Segregation

Answer 43

separation of the races

Question 44

Jim Crow Laws

Answer 44

enforce segregation

Question 45

Henry Comstock

Answer 45

a prospector who stalked a claim in Six-Mile Canyon, Nevada

Question 46

Alexander Graham Bell

Answer 46

suggest the idea of a telephone and created it in 1876

Question 47

Thomas Edison

Answer 47

created the phonograph in 1877