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US History II > History Test 10/14 > Flashcards

History Test 10/14 Flashcards

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1
Q

Placer Mining

A

to extract the shallow deposits of ore largely by hand

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2
Q

Quartz Mining

A

to dig deep beneath the surface

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3
Q

Dry Farming

A

to plant deep beneath the ground, new plows make feasible

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4
Q

Homestead Act

A

provided 160 acres of land to anyone who would farm it

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5
Q

Open Range

A

cattle roam freely regardless of land ownership

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6
Q

Long Drive

A

the long herding distance to the trains

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7
Q

Indian Peace Commission

A

group formed to establish peace w/ hostile tribes

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8
Q

Assimilation

A

to absorb

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9
Q

Gross National Product

A

the total value of all goods and services produced by a country

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10
Q

Entrepreneur

A

people who risk their capital in organizing and running a business

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11
Q

Corporation

A

an organization owned by many ppl but treated by law as though it were a single person

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12
Q

Monopoly

A

when a single company achieves control of an entire market

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13
Q

Trust

A

allows one person to manage another’s property

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14
Q

Holding Company

A

hold stock of other companies which produce goods

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15
Q

Trade Union

A

specialized skills workers have representation to negotiate w/ employers

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16
Q

Industrial Union

A

unite all workers in a particular industry (craft and common labors)

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17
Q

Marxism

A

the ideas of Karl Marx where were very influential in Europe

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18
Q

Anarchism

A

no gov. needed

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19
Q

Closed Shop

A

companies that would only hire union members

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20
Q

Steerage

A

the most basic and cheapest accommodations on a steamship

21
Q

Ellis Island

A

an immigration station where Europeans would go

22
Q

Angel Island

A

often stuck in detention barracks. Asians would come here

23
Q

Nativism

A

anti-immigration

24
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

this law barred Chinese immigration for 10yrs and prevented existing Chinese already in the country from becoming citizens. Permanent in 1902

25
Q

Gilded Age

A

the late 1800s

26
Q

Tenements

A

dark and crowded multi-family apartments

27
Q

Political Machine

A

an informal political group designed to gain & keep power

28
Q

Party Bosses

A

run the political machines

29
Q

Individualism

A

no matter the origins of ppl. can rise through society based on work ethic and talents

30
Q

Social Darwinism

A

catchphrase for the name of Herbert Spencer’s belief that society only became better b/c only the fittest ppl. survived

31
Q

Philanthropy

A

using their great fortunes to further social progress

32
Q

Social Gospel

A

biblical ideas through charity & justice

33
Q

Americanization

A

to gather kids into schools to learn about American culture

34
Q

Realism

A

art and literature that portrays realistically instead of idealizing them

35
Q

Settlement Houses

A

when middle class residents lived w/ poorer people (usually immigrants) to help & support them

36
Q

Pendleton Act

A

set up a civil service system w/ appointments of candidates based on examinations (away from spoils system)

37
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

federal gov’t regulates interstate commerce

38
Q

Populism

A

farmers in economic crisis this independent political movement

39
Q

Inflation

A

a decline in the value of money

40
Q

Deflation

A

an increase in the value of money

41
Q

Graduated Income Tax

A

one that taxed higher earnings more heavily

42
Q

Poll Tax

A

a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual

42
Q

Poll Tax

A

a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual

43
Q

Segregation

A

separation of the races

44
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

enforce segregation

45
Q

Henry Comstock

A

a prospector who stalked a claim in Six-Mile Canyon, Nevada

46
Q

Alexander Graham Bell

A

suggest the idea of a telephone and created it in 1876

47
Q

Thomas Edison

A

created the phonograph in 1877

US History II (12 decks)

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