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SFE 2021 > History & Systems > Flashcards

History & Systems Flashcards

1
Q

REBT

  • name
  • theorist/developer
  • main tenants
A
  • Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
    • a type of CBT developed by Albert Ellis
    • focuses on helping clients change irrational beliefs through 3 basic steps: Identify irrational thought patterns and beliefs, challenge irrational beliefs, gain insight and change behavior
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2
Q

Beck

  • what did he develop?
  • what was the main belief motivating his research and treatment?
A
  • Aaron Beck, Father of Cognitive Therapy (CT)
    • pioneered theories widely used in the treatment of clinical depression
    • he believed that mental illness comes from bad thinking patterns which must be treated with cognitive therapy
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3
Q

Classic Psychoanalytic Theory

  • 3 key people
  • key concepts
  • personality structure
  • psychosocial stages
  • theory of change
A
  • Sigmund Freud, Erikson, Adler
  • Key Concepts: human behavior is determined by irrational forces and the unconscious, also known as biological drives; life instincts & death instincts are sexual in nature; The theory believes that people can be cured by making conscious their unconscious thoughts and motivations, and gain insight.
  • structure: id, ego, superego

•psychosocial stages:
1-oral (0-2); anal (2-3); phallic (3-7); latent (7-11); genital (11+)

•TOC: corrective emotional experiences are what helps us to change, grow, heal from the original wounds we’ve experienced

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4
Q
  • Define anxiety according to classical psychoanalytic theory
  • Describe how it develops
  • Name the 3 types
A
  • a feeling of dread resulting from repressed feelings, memories, or desires
  • develops out of conflict among the id, ego, superego to control psychic energy
  • 3 types:
    • Reality: fear of real, external events or objects
    • Neurotic: fear of being overwhelmed by instincts and drive
    • Moral: fear of violating values or moral codes within the unconscious
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5
Q

Name the most common techniques and approaches used in classical psychoanalytic theory

A
  • Blank Screen Approach
  • Countertransference
  • Transference
  • Dream Analysis
  • Free Association
  • Interpretive Analysis of Resistance
  • Analysis of Transference
  • Ego Defense Mechanisms
  • Conscious/Unconscious
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6
Q

According to Freud’s hierarchy of the conscious mind, what category do thoughts and perceptions exist?

A

•conscious mind

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7
Q

According to Freud’s hierarchy of the conscious mind, what category do memories and stored knowledge exist?

A

•preconscious mind

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8
Q

According to Freud’s hierarchy of the conscious mind, what category holds fear, violent motives, immoral urges, irrational wishes, selfish need, and unaccepted sexual desires?

A

•the unconscious mind

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9
Q

Jean Piaget

A

•stages of moral development; stages of child development; cognitive stages of development

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10
Q

Object-Relations Theory

  • describe the overall theory
  • who is the co-founder most often credited with the theory?
A
  • the process of developing a psyche in relation to others in the environment during childhood. Based on the role of early relationships and how they continue as objects or images within the mind
  • Melanie Klein
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11
Q

Object Relations Theory

-describe each of the 3 main features of the theory: Object, Self, Self-Object

A
  • Object: something invested with emotion (usually love/hate); most often refers to a person but can refer to places, things, etc
    • internal object: mental representation or image of a person or place
    • external object: actual person or place
  • Self: conscious and unconscious representations or images that pertain to one’s own person; always private and refers to an internal image rather than an external reality
  • Self-Object: when the distinction between the self-image and object-image is unclear or diffuse
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12
Q

Object Relations Theory

-name the stages of their developmental system

A
  • Autism (0-2 mo)
  • Symbiosis (2-6 mo)
  • Separation-Individuation (6-24 mo)
    • Hatching subphase (6-10 mo)
    • Practicing subphase (10-16 mo)
    • Rapproachment subphase (16-24 mo)
  • Developing Object Constancy
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13
Q

Analytic Ego Defense Mechanisms

-name them

A
  • Repression •Denial •Reaction-Formation
  • Projection •Displacement •Rationalization
  • Sublimation •Regression •Introjection
  • Identification •Compensation
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14
Q

BF Skinner

A

•believed changes in behavior are the result of an individual’s response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment
•operant conditioning; reinforcement contingencies; operant chamber; schedule of reinforcement; extreme environmentalism; radical behaviorism (neobehaviorism)
•

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15
Q

describe Reinforcement Contingencies

A

•the contingency (relationship) between a response and a reinforcer; the contingency may be positive (if the occurrence of the reinforcer is more probable after the response) or negative (if it is less probable after the response)

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16
Q

describe Neobehaviorism/radical behaviorism

A

•study of learning with the focus on rigorous objective observational methods and believing this forms the key to scientific psychology

17
Q

Freud

A
  • conscious; unconscious; ego defense mechanisms; id/ego/superego; psychosocial stages of development; dream analysis
  • post WW1 was researching aggression- said death drive was as important as the sex drive in our psychic constitution and that the basic conflict in our lives is between EROS & THANATOS
18
Q

How did Freud say that the unconscious could be accessed?

A
  • dream theory
    • dream distortion represents inner conflict or a sort of inner dishonesty
    • “dreams are the royal road to the unconscious”
19
Q

Adlerian Psychotherapy

  • who
  • what
  • key themes
  • 3 approaches
A

•Alfred Adler and Rudolph Dreikus

•unlocking mistaken goals; interactional patterns in the family; promotion of effective parenting
-techniques: family constellation, reporting of a typical day, goal disclosure, logical consequences, birth order theory, inferiority complex

  • sibling order affects personality
  • early recollection holistic concept: understand our parts in relationship

•3 types:

 1. Encourage (self-understanding, insight)
 2. working toward life goals
 3. Lifestyle Assessment
20
Q

Smith and Glass

A

•Mary Lee Smith & Gene Glass developed meta-analysis and then used it with several important psychological studies

21
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A
  • Aaron Beck
  • focuses on present thinking, behaviors, and communication rather than on past experiences and is oriented toward problem-solving
  • was the first psychotherapy to be subjected to rigorous clinical testing
  • based on the cognitive model: the way we perceive situations influences the way we think, feel, behave.
  • treatment targets thoughts, emotions, behavior, and physiological symptoms in the present for immediate change
22
Q

Interpersonal Psychotherapy
-who
what
-goal

A

•Harry Stack Sullivan
•Brief, focused, often used with mood disorders; Focuses on what people do to avoid or manage anxiety in close relationships
-special interest in the hurtful or anxiety-arousing interactions that occurred in formative parent-child interactions

•1. Address deficits 2. manage unresolved grief 3. help with life transitions 4. deal with interpersonal disputes stemming from expectations

23
Q

Interpersonal Psychotherapy

-define Self-System

A

•personality traits that developed through repetitive interactions with parents and the environment

24
Q

Berry’s Acculturation Model

  • what are the two big questions the chart addresses?
  • name and describe each quadrant
A

•”is it considered to be of value to develop relationships with the larger society?” and “is it considered to be of value to maintain one’s cultural heritage?”

  • Assimilation- where someone from a different culture adopts the cultural norm of the region they have moved
  • Integration- where people adopt both the dominant culture and their original culture, combining the two at the same time
  • Separation- when someone rejects the dominant culture and keeps their culture of origin instead
  • Marginalization- when someone rejects both their original culture and the cultural norm
25
Q

What is the most frequently used Projective Assessment?

A

•Rorschach

SFE 2021 (7 decks)

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