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Alevel PE > History of sport - Technology in sport > Flashcards

History of sport - Technology in sport Flashcards

1
Q

6 Advantages of technology on sport generally:

A

1) Increases participation

2) Promotes new and alternative opportunities

3) Supports less-wealthy sports to promote themselves

4) Leads to more coverage and revenue

5) Adds glamour

6) Improves safety

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2
Q

4 Advantages of technology on sport generally:

A

1) Detects from intensity of physical activity

2) Reduces emotional wellbeing that does from escaping digital pressures

3) Increases costs to sports and participation

4) Sponsors more interested in technology than sport or athletes

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3
Q

How does wearable technology help participation in sport:

A
  • Encourages participants to log their levels of activity, count the calories they burn and log their personal best times
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4
Q

How does Game-style apps help participation in sport:

A
  • Motivate people by setting challenges and rewarding achievements
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5
Q

How does social media help participation in sport:

A

Enables clubs to promote sessions cheaply, individuals to share their experiences or teams gather support

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6
Q

Examples of wearable technology:

A

1) Fitbit

2) Apple Watch

3) Garmin

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7
Q

Examples of game style apps:

A

1) Apple fitness awards

2) Strava (group challenging)

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8
Q

Examples of Social media:

A

1) Instagram/ Facebook

2) Showing local club details

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9
Q

How has the development of equipment helped participation in sport:

A

1) No longer have to be a barrier to sport

2) Specially designed wheelchairs (track + field events)

3) Wheelchairs (lightweight for fast paced movements

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10
Q

5 Advantages of technology for athletes:

A

1) Better performance

2) Better medical care results in fewer injuries or faster recovery from injury

3) Feedback from coaches is more focused, objective and helpful

4) Improved kit is more comfortable, more efficient and safer

5) Part of a team, not isolated

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11
Q

5 Disadvantages of technology for athletes:

A

1) Invades privacy

2) Blurs lines between personal and professional time

3) Availability and cost - makes sport and success exclusive to wealthy people and countries

4) Tempts athlete and coaches into cheating or unfair practices

5) Puts the sole focus on winning to athletic endeavour

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12
Q

What does hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the athlete:

A
  • Aids recovery after injury
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13
Q

What does technique and tactics do for the athlete:

A
  • Performance analysis software shows body movements in slow motion
  • Game analysis software tracks team, ball and opposition movements
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14
Q

How does equipment help athletes - cambered wheels

A
  • Cambered wheels on the wheelchairs for basketball help the chairs improving turning
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15
Q

How does equipment help athletes - clothing & footwear

A
  • track shoes are a lot lighter and have greater grip for cornering
  • Cricket helmets are lighter, better ventilation and more affordable
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16
Q

How does equipment help athletes - Facilities & playing surfaces

A
  • 4G pitches can be used whatever the weather, all year round
  • Artificial snow allows winter sports to take place anywhere in the world no matter the climate
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17
Q

What is Notational match analysis:

A
  • Used to record aspects of individual or team performance
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18
Q

What is Quantitative data:

A
  • Numerical data which can be written down or measured numerically
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19
Q

What is Qualitative data:

A
  • Data based on personal opinion which is less measurable and often less useful
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20
Q

What is objective data:

A
  • Fact-based information which is measurable and useable (level achieved on the multi-stage fitness test)
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21
Q

What is Opta:

A
  • A company that has statisticians gathering and analysing sporting data collected in order to create the best predictions possible
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22
Q

What is biomechanics:

A
  • Used to analyze the sporting impact of body movement
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23
Q

What is sporting analytics:

A
  • The analysis of sports data using analytical tools and methods for data to be subjected to analytical procedures in order to try to improve results
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24
Q

What is video motion analysis:

A
  • A technique used to get information about moving objects from a video
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25
Q

How is monitoring fitness for performance used in sport analytics: (recreational + elite)

A
  • Analysising data & fitness levels. Monitoring heart rate or amount of calories being burned training for a marathon (recreational) or distance covered in training, pace of running, sleep statistics, calorie input and output, HR monitoring before during and after exercise elite
26
Q

How are smart wearable fitness and sport devices used in sport analytics:

A
  • Devices worn or attached to a performer’s body to provide instant feedback on aspects of performance such as distance covered or heart rate
27
Q

How is skill and technique development used in sport analytics:

A
  • Software used to capture, create, analyze and share video content on sports performance. Combines technical, tactical and statistical information to help improve skills and techniques on the spot. Performers can identify areas for improvement in future training sessions. Useful in sports where visual feedback is beneficial for performer and coach
28
Q

Vibration therapy - injury prevention:

A
  • Vibration technology for exercise recovery, injury prevention and rehabilitation
29
Q

What 5 possible health benefits of vibration technology:

A

1) Improving bone density

2) Increase muscle mass

3) Improving circulation

4) Reducing joint pain

5) Reducing back pain

30
Q

3 ways electrostimulation help to prevent injury:

A

1) Strengthening and toning the muscles (muscle groups in the legs to give stability and help prevent injuries in the knees and ankles

2) Helping prevent losses in fitness levels via application to specific muscle groups; maintains muscle tone during period of inactivity

3) Helping to get rid of lactic acid after a training session or competition, decrease muscle tension & potential injury by providing relaxing effect to muscles

31
Q

5 ways sport analytics is used to help game analysis:

A

1) In team games, for players performance metrics which measure the amount of court covered during matched by individual players

2) Use of video & data, captured and displayed on iPads - used to give real time analysis and feedback to coaches during games

3) Can be used to measure and help player performance and fitness with GPS receivers

4) Gives them the edge over the opposition

5) Can help coaches and physios fine tune training programs and optimize rest and recover time

32
Q

3 Ways sport analytics is used to help talent ID/Scouting:

A

1) Can provide qualitative data on individual performers in a range of different sports

2) Can be used in ‘pathway analytics’ as a method of systematically profiling & benchmarking the effectiveness of performance pathways - olympic sports

3) Data will be gathered & analyses so it can be used as effectively as possible in identifying the best most talented athletes who are ‘most likely’ to succeed

33
Q

What is the technology and facility development - Olympic legacy:

A
  • Designed by sport England in partnership with the British Olympic Association
  • Aims to increase sports participation by providing sports facilities for local communities to access and use
34
Q

What is the impact of technology on COACHES:

A
  • A coach will need to have access to high end technology in order to help their sports people train and perform at their highest level. This means the coaches need to stay up to date with current technology and be able to afford the required equipment. This means that coaching working with organizations that have a lot of money are going to be able to help support their athletes to get to higher performance levels compared to coached working in organizations with lower incomes which have less money to spend on tech
35
Q

4 ADVANTAGES of technology for OFFICIALS:

A

1) Supports team approach so there is less pressure on individuals

2) Information can be shared easily and quickly and stored over time

3) Decisions and scoring are more reliable and accurate

4) There is increased confidence and trust in officials

36
Q

4 DISADVANTAGES of technology for OFFICIALS:

A

1) Slows the game

2) Not available at all levels of competition

3) No longer trust people’s decisions

4) Undermines respect for officials knowledge and expertise

37
Q

How does technology shape officials managing performance:

A

1) Communication - Microphones to consult with other officials on and off the pitch

2) Decision-making - playback facilities to watch events from different angles

3) Scoring - laser tech to measure jumps and throws more accurately

38
Q

3 ADVANTAGES of technology for spectators:

A

1) More engaged in the sport

2) More informed about rules

3) Have a direct link to athletes

39
Q

4 DISADVANTAGES of technology for spectators:

A

1) Detracts from actual play

2) Reduces the atmosphere at live events

3) Reduces interest in grass root events that aren’t supported by technology

4) Enables trolls to attack individual athletes

40
Q

What is validity:

A
  • Refers to the degree to which the data collected actually measures what is claims to measure
41
Q

What is reliability:

A
  • Refers to the degree to which data collection is consistent and stable over time
42
Q

What is research:

A
  • A systematic process of investigation and study carried out with the aim of advancing knowledge
43
Q

What is sport analytics:

A
  • The analysis of sport data using analytical tools and methods for data to be subjected to analytical procedures in order to try to improve results
44
Q

What is indirect calorimetry:

A
  • Measurement of the amount of heat/energy generated in a oxidation reaction by determining the intake or consumption of oxygen or by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide released and translating these quantities into a heat equivalent
45
Q

What is metabolic cart:

A
  • A device which works by attaching headgear to a subject while they breath a specific amount of oxygen over a period of time
46
Q

What is calorimetry:

A
  • Measurement of the heat/energy eliminated or stored in any system
47
Q

What is the technique used to gain indirect calorimetry &metabolic cart:

A
  • Headgear is attached to a subject while they breath for a specific amount of time.
  • Inspired, expired gas flows, volumes and concentrations of O2 and CO2 are all measure.
  • Involves continuous measurement of oxygen consumption & carbon dioxide production.
  • Non invasive technique, regarded as being relatively accurate
48
Q

What are 2 factors used to calculate heat production:

A

1) Intake of oxygen for the body

2) Output of carbon dioxide

49
Q

How do you test & record metabolic cart:

A
  • Include a computer system, monitor & breathing tubes.

uses - Intake of oxygen for the body & Output of carbon dioxide

Use the measure REE - This can change according to overall weight, height to weight ratio, gender and age

50
Q

What is REE: Resting Energy Expenditure:

A
  • The amount of energy, usually expressed in Kcal, required for a 24 hour period by the body during rest
51
Q

4 ways Indirect calorimetry & metabolic cart can help individual by:

A

1) Determine their energy requirements & response to nutrition over time

2) Calculate energy expenditure which allows determination of nutritional requirements

3) Who are classified as obese

4) Calculation of REE; helps medical staff determine the amount of food/nutrition needed

52
Q

6 possible difficulties or errors affecting the VALIDITY + RELIABILITY of using indirect calorimetry via metabolic cart

A

1) Inaccuracies from air leaks

2) Possible inaccuracies from measurements

3) Difficult to use on children

4) Overfeeding/underfeeding may occur based on results received

5) Single snap shots are worse than ‘average results’ over a longer period of time

6) Process actually measure consumption not needs

53
Q

What is software

A
  • Computer software is any set of machine-readable instructions which direct a computer’s processor to perform specific operations.
54
Q

What is hardware:

A
  • Computer hardware is the physical component of computers
55
Q

What is a GPS (Global Positioning System):

A
  • A space based navigation system that provides location & time information
56
Q

How does the use of GPS help COACHES:

A

1) Helps monitor the players during matches as well as training

2) Gives coaches a vast amount of information immediately

3) Track speed, distance and direction of individuals

4) Provides data which helps improve performance via monitoring success rates

57
Q

Why is GPS used for player performance & work tracking:

A
  • Makes better use of training time to ensure demands are met
  • Improves the tactical analysis undertaken at the club
  • Helps a coach compare player performance
  • Helps to get injured players successfully through rehab faster
58
Q

Example of GPS software:

A
  • STRAVA

used for elite and recreational athletes to help them improve their performance via the GPS technologies becoming available

Seeing this data can help to motivate the performers

59
Q

How can the data be compromised:

A

1) Human error when data is entered

2) Errors occurring when data is transmitted from one computer to another

3) Software bugs or viruses

60
Q

Ways to minimise threats to data integrity:

A

1) Regularly back up data

2) Control access to data

3) Don’t leave computer unattended for anyone to access

4) Use error detection software when transmitting data

Alevel PE (9 decks)

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