History of Psychological Assessment

Question 1

The purpose of assessment is to identify _, _, _, and _.

Answer 1

mental health issues, cognitive abilities, personality trait, educational placement

Question 1

_ involves the use of tests, interviews, and observations to measure ad evaluate behavior, cognition, and emotions.

Answer 1

Psychological Assessment

Question 2

In Ancient Civilizations, the earliest known systematic forms of assessment were the _ in China (2000 BCE), which tested candidates on competence and morality for government positions.

Answer 2

Civil Service Exams

Question 3

In ancient civilizations, assessments focused on _, _, _, and _.

Answer 3

subjects like law, military strategy, agriculture, and Confucian philosophy.

Question 4

_ (1500 BCE - 300 BCE) proposed theories about intelligence, memory, and personality.

Answer 4

Early Greeks

Question 5

_ used methods to assess individuals for educational purposes, focusing on memorization and rhetoric.

Answer 5

Egyptians

Question 6

In phrenology (late 1700s - Early 1800s), _’s theory suggested that bumps on the skull reflect personality traits.

Answer 6

Franz Joseph Gall

Question 7

Though _ was discredited, it was the first attempt to link physical traits with psychological characteristics.

Answer 7

Phrenology

Question 8

In physiognomy (19th century), _’s ideas are presented as the study of facial features to determine personality.

Answer 8

Johann Lavater

Question 9

While _ was pseudoscience, it contributed to early thought on linking physical and psychological attributes.

Answer 9

Physiognomy

Question 10

_ (1822 - 1911) studied human intelligence and sensory capacities. He used reaction time tests and questionnaires to measure intelligence.

Answer 10

Francis Galton

Question 11

_ coined the phrase ‘nature versus nurture’.

Answer 11

Francis Galton

Question 12

Francis Galton developed the _ and introduced the concept of _ in psychological testing.

Answer 12

correlation coefficient;
normal distribution

Question 13

_ developed by Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon to identify children needing educational assistance in France.

Answer 13

Binet-Simon Scale

Question 14

_ focused on mental age, assessing memory attention, and problem-solving skills and is considered the foundation of modern IQ tests.

Answer 14

Binet-Simon Scale

Question 15

_’s work introduced the idea of age-related intelligence norms and led to future developments in intelligence testing.

Answer 15

Binet

Question 16

_ revised the Binet-Simon scare to create the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test and established norms for intelligence in the U.S. population.

Answer 16

Lewis Terman

Question 17

The _ became the gold standard for intelligence testing and was widely used in schools and clinial settings.

Answer 17

Stanford-Binet

Question 17

Lewis Terman introduced the Intelligence Quotient formula: _.

Answer 17

IQ = (Mental Age / Chronological Age) x 100

Question 18

The American Psychological Association, during World War I, developed Mass Testing for the Military, to assess recruits’ _ and _ fitness.

Answer 18

intellectual, emotional

Question 19

In the Mass Testing for the Military, _ was a verbal test for literate recruits and _ was a non-verbal for illiterate or non-English-speaking recruits.

Answer 19

Army Alpha;
Army Beta

Question 20

_ is the first large-scale psychological testing, leading to the widespread use of standardized testing in other areas (education, employment).

Answer 20

Mass Testing for the Military

Question 21

_ is developed Hermann _ to study unconscious aspects of personality.

Answer 21

Rorschach Inkblot Test (1921;
Rorschach

Question 22

_ used inkblots to elicit responses that reveal hidden thoughts and feelings.

Answer 22

Rorschach Inkblot Test (1921)

Question 23

_ is created by Starke Hathaway and J.C. McKinley to assess personality structure and psychopathology and is widely used in clinical psychology to diagnose mental health disorders.

Answer 23

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) (1943)

Question 24

_ is developed by David _ to measure intelligence in adults and is focused on different cognitive areas (verbal and performance IQ) rather than a single IQ score.

Answer 24

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) (1955);
Wechsler

Question 25

_ is developed by David _, adapted for assessing cognitive abilities in children.

Answer 25

Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (1955)
Wechsler

Question 26

_ shifted IQ test from being single-scored to being assessments considering different cognitive abilities.

Answer 26

Wechsler Scales

Question 27

_ aim to explore the unconscious mind through open-ended tasks.

Answer 27

Projective Techniques (Mid-20th Century)

Question 28

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and Sentence Completion Tests are examples of _.

Answer 28

Projective Techniques (Mid-20th Century)

Question 29

_ is developed from the rise of behaviorism and focuses on observable behavior, often through direct observation or structure tasks

Answer 29

Behavioral Asessments

Question 30

_ shows the advances in brain science where the focus shifted to assessing cognitive impairments due to brain injury.

Answer 30

Neuropsychological Assessment

Question 31

Tests like Halstead-Reitan Battery and Luria-Nebraska Neuropyschological Battery are examples of _.

Answer 31

Neuropsychological Assessments

Question 32

The _ focuses on the assessment of memory, attention, problem-solving, and executive functions in individuals with brain damage or neurological conditions.

Answer 32

Neuropsychological Assessment

Question 33

Technological Advancements introduced _, _, and _.

Answer 33

computer-based testing, adaptive testing, and online assessments

Question 34

Advancements in Cognitive and Emotional Testing produced new tests for assessing conditions such as _, _. and _.

Answer 34

ADHD, autism, learning disabilities

Question 35

_ integrated tools like fMRI and EEG which is used alongside traditional tests to assess brain function.

Answer 35

Neuroimaging

Question 36

In the ethical and cultural considerations, _ in testing based on cultural, racial, and socio-economic differences may arise.

Answer 36

bias

Question 37

In the ethical and cultural considerations, there exist historical issues with the misuse of intelligence tests for _ and _.

Answer 37

eugenics, discrimination

Question 38

The modern-day focus of testing is for tests to be _ and to be more inclusive and equitable.

Answer 38

Culturally fair

Question 39

The Current Trends and Future Directions of Assessments are: _, _, and _.

Answer 39

Artificial Intelligence in Assessment, Virtual Reality and Gamification, Cross-Cultural and Inclusive Testing