History Of Modern Medicine Flashcards
In Prehistoric medicine time, Diseases and illhealth were thought to be caused by ——- events, natural events like—— or——-
magic or supernatural
lightening
astrological bodies like sun and moon
Shamans used —- stone instruments for—— and——-
flint
amputations
trephining
first known surgery is——- as a cure for——
trephination
headache
Did trephination work atall??
Yes or no
Yes , some must have
What is trephination
removing circular sections of bones from the skull
Shamans wore elaborate—— and —— to ——-
skins
headdresses
scare’ off the evil spirits
Shamanism has persisted into modern times
T/F
T
Shaman is now seen as a belief system based on——- which is——-
animism
believing that all natural objects, including the universe itself, has souls
Shamanism is still very practiced in——-
Central Asia
Chinese medicine was common in—— which was a time—— the——
antiquity
before
Middle Ages
——— is Believed to be the earliest body of organized medical knowledge
Chinese medicine
there is Evidence that the ——- Dynasty carried out——-
Shang
acupuncture
Chinese practice is Based on the concept of—- and—- (which means ———)
Yin; Yang
balance in nature
Egyptians didn’t care about the well-being of their workers.
T/F
F
Egyptian physicians were very skilled in—— surgery and first to treat—— by———
eye
night blindness
eating powdered liver
——— in ——- said the Egyptians are more skilled in Medicine than any of human kind
Homer [the Odyssey
——- was deified as the god of medicine and healing.
Imhotep
Imhotep was ——— when he was alive
An architectengineer.
Whose medical writings were the first to be devoid of magical thinking??
Imhotep
Imhotep was probably the architect of——-
Djoser’s step pyramid
The Egyptian patron goddess of healers and physicians is ——?
Sekhmet
Sekhmet’s priests were known as the most skilled doctors.
T/F
T
——- is One of the oldest deities
Sekhmet
Medical tourism started in——!
Egypt
Medical tourism started when——- of—— requested ——— the—— 560BC to send him the most skillful—— doctors
King Cyrus; Persia
Amasis Ahmose ; second
eye
the first named woman in science is ——-?
Meriptah
Meriptah she wrote the oldest known papyrus on——,—-,—- and ——
gynaecology
fertility
pregnancy
contraception
Egyptian procedures We still use
-Suturing of—- with —- and—-
-Use of honey for——
-Application of ——-bread to prevent —-
-Use of—— to cauterize wounds
-Dilation of urethral strictures using —-
wounds; needle; thread
covering wounds
mouldy ; wound sepsis
hot fire
reeds
In —— Sir —— extracted—- from —— and was awarded the—— prize for——
1928
Alexander Fleming
penicillin
mould
Nobel
Medicine
oldest known Medical text in Egypt is the ——-
Kahun gynaecological papyrus
—- and —— papyrus have similar contents
Ebers and Berlin medical
——- papyrus is Almost Half medical, and over half is magical
London medical papyrus
———-is a very important papyrus but some doubt its authenticity
Hearst
Demonic magical papyrus of London and Leiden: sounds eventful
👅👅
Some Diseases documented in papyrii include???:
Schistosomiasis
Malaria
Trachoma
Bubonic plague
Tuberculosis
Elephantiasis Trichinae
Small pox
Polio
In——- Pharmacy and —— were handled ——, but the aim was to intercede on behalf of patients whose diseases were caused by ——-
Mesopotamia
medicine
separately
outside forces
Ayurvedic medicine is Based on the concepts of —————
interconnectedness’ between the body, life forces and the universe.
Ayurvedic medicine is Believed to have originated during the———- now known as—— today
Indus valley civilization
India
India still practices Ayurvedic medicine.
T/F
T
Homer
-continued the——- theory of disease causation by———
EgyptoMesopotamian
divine intervention
Plato
-stated his views on health and disease in his book——-, basing disease causation on the ———. ——,—, —-, —- and——
Plato’s Timaeus
4 elements
Water Air Earth Fire
proper nutrition and respiration
Aristotle was a student of ——-
Plato
Aristotle was very skilled at dissections.
T/F
F. -Barred by social norm from touching dead bodies, he never carried out a dissection
——- is the Father of modern medicine
Hippocrates
——Separated Medicine from——
Hippocrates
Religion
Hippocrates treatment of—— are still largely used
haemorrhoids
———Used ——-to treat diabetes
Hippocrates
lifestyle modifications
Hippocrates First described —— in cyanotic heart disease,obstructive lung disease , COLD and —- cancer
Also , First categorized diseases into—-,—-, —- and——
-Insisted on careful documentation of —- and —- for use by other physicians
finger clubbing
lung
acute; chronic; endemic; epidemic
symptoms; signs
Hippocrates used humoral view
T/F
T
The Hippocratic Oath
-said to be written by—— but most don’t think he wrote it himself(—-did)
-Key concept is——-(——)
-it was revised by the world medical association after—- as a response to the horrors done by the——
Hippocrates
his students
Nil nocere(do no harm)
WW2
third reich (nazis)
Asclepiads
-known as the——-
-they Rejected the —— and viewed disease as a ——
-they are Dedicated to —-, the god of——, father of —- and——
latros
supernatural theory ; natural process
Aesculapius; Healing; Panacea; Hygeia
Who started the The iconic snake entwined on a staff ?
And it is also seen in exodus—: god told Moses to lift up a staff with—- after Israelites were disobedient
The latros
21
snake emblem
Iatros specialized in therapeutics of
———-
———-
———
——-
———-
Rest and exercise
Dietary changes
Drugs
pharmaca
Handwork
Over —— drugs are mentioned in the Hippocratic Corpus mostly of —— origin
200
plant
———-dissection of the pig established the importance of the—— in controlling the—-
Claudius Galenus
brain
body
Blood —-
black bile——
yellow bile——-
phlegm——-
Sanguine
melancholic
choleric
phlegmatic pus
Black death
-cussed by the ——
-Followed the—— in 1331
-Spread throughout —-(—-and—-)
-Travelled along the—- trade route
-Came to—— via the—-(a city in—-) traders
-Caused the deaths of——- million people
bubonic plague
Mongol conquest
Eurasia; Europe; Asia
Silk Road
Europe; Genoese; Italy
25 to 200
Small pox
-Earliest recorded evidence in ——— an——-
-Killed over—— people a year in—— late 18 th century
- Killed —— people during the 20 century
——— led to its total global eradication in ——
Ramses V ; Egyptian pharaoh
400000; Europe
300-500million
Concerted vaccination campaigns; 1979
invention of inoculation was by??
Edward Jenner
Father of Toxicology is ???
Paraclesus
——-described the human circulatory system
William Harvey
—— is known for professionalism in nursing
Florence nightingale
First woman on the UK medical register??
Elizabeth Blackwell
First black American female doctor is —-?
Rebecca crumpler
——- is Renowned for pasteurisation and the Germ theory
Louis Pasteur
——-developed Koch’s postulates
Robert Koch
—-Discovered penicillin
Alexander Fleming
Inventor of the Apgar score is ???
Virginia apgar
Orthopaedic surgery. Proved that environmental agents can cause cancer. Described Pott’s disease
Percival pott
Earliest West African to train as a doctor is ———
While
2nd Nigerian to qualify as a doctor is——?
Nathaniel king
Obadiah Johnson
——-successfully treated guinea worm and yellow fever
John ramdle
——- is the Longest serving Nigerian colonial surgeon for—— years
Oguntola sapara
32
——-Fought the bubonic plague in Lagos——
Oguntola sapara
1924
———-Joined—- cult incognito to uncover their plot of infecting people with —- as a form of intimidation
Oguntola Sapara
Sopona
smallpox
———Led the conversion of the —— dispensary into the——
Oguntola Sapara
Massey Street
Children’s hospital
First Nigerian admitted into Royal College of Surgeons is ——?
Prof H.O Thomas
First provost of CMUL is????
Prof H O Thomas
First CMD. Of Luth is —-?
Prof H O Thomas
CMD stands for ——
Chief medical director
First female physician in Nigeria is——?
Dr Abimbola Awoliyi
Dr Abimbola Awoliyi Worked at Massey Street Hospital.
T/F
T
——has a memorial hospital after her on the Lagos island
Dr Abimbola Awoliyi
COMMON MYTHS & MISCONCEPTIONS IN MEDICINE
* Handling toads and frogs will
* Epilepsy is—-
* You need to drink —- of water per day
* You can get an— from dirty toilet seats
* Shaving hair causes it to—-
* Your— stops every time you sneeze
* Men cannot get —— cancer and women cannot get — cancer
* People who have a concussion should not—-
*— a cold=—- a fever!
* We use only —-% of our brains
give you warts
contagious
6-8 glasses
STD
grow back thicker and darker
heart
breast; prostate
be allowed to sleep
Feed; starve
10
——- period had the Emergence of public infrastructure and public health
Roman
——-Extended the Four Humours theory. His books become the foundation of medical knowledge for 1500 years
Galen
Dark ages is characterized by the ———— of the ——- until the —— and lacked ——-
Fall of the Roman Empire until the renaissance and lacked written records
——Sweeps Europe again. The great fire of—— stops the spread!
Great plague
London
Vaccination was First brought from——.
Turkey
Edward Jenner used —— to vaccinate his son.
cowpox
———discovers laughing gas
Humphrey Davy
——- uses mapping to determine the source of pollution causing cholera
John Snow
______ discovered laughing gas
Humphrey Davy
Edward Jenner used ______ to vaccinate his son
Cowpox
______ used mapping to determine the source of the cholera pollution
John snow
Paracelsus -‘”Father of ______”
William Harvey described the ______
Edward Jenner famous for the invention of _____
Florence Nightingale Statistician and founder of _____
Toxicology
human circulatory system
inoculation
professionalism in nursing
Elizabeth Blackwell -First woman ______
Louis Pasteur -Renowned for ____ and ___
Joseph Lister - pioneer of ____
Rebecca Crumpler- First ______
on the UK medical register
pasteurisation
and the Germ theory
antiseptic surgery
black American female doctor
Sir Alexander Fleming Discovered _____
Virginia Apgar Inventor of the ____
penicillin
Apgar score
Nathaniel King - Earliest West African to _____
• John Randle successfully ________
train as a doctor
treated guinea worm and yellow fever
_________ is the Longest serving Nigerian colonial
surgeon for ____ years
Oguntola sapara
32
Oguntola sapara
• Fought the ________ in Lagos
1924
• Joined ____ cult incognito to
uncover their plot of _______
•Led the conversion of the _______ into _______
bubonic plague
Sopona
infecting people
with smallpox as a form of
intimidation
Massey
Street dispensary into the Children’s
hospital
Who is the first CMD of luth
Prof H.O Thomas
Prof H O
Thomas
• First Nigerian
admitted into ________
Royal College of Surgeons
First provost of CMUL ?
Prof H.O Thomas
Dr Abimbola Awoliyi
•Graduated from ______
•Worked at _______ Hospital
University of Dublin
Massey
Street
First female physician in Nigeria??
Dr ambibola awoliyi
Hippocrates
Aristotle
Homer-__
Plato-___
460-370Bc
384-324BC
9BC
4Bc
When was small pox totally eradicated
1979
Years
Edward Jenner
Humphrey Davy
Hippocrates
1700
1700
400BC
First bubonic plague
Great plague of London
1346-1354
1664-1666
Who Improved understanding of lymphatic system, std
John hunter
