History and Growth of Diagnostic Medicine Flashcards
Health was seen as a correct balance of the—- types of body fluid in the human body called “——”.
-They are——-,_____,——, and——-
-Diseases were the result of a—-,—— or —-of one or more of the stuff , which could be caused by——,——,or many other factors
-adopted by——- and held till the—— century
four
humors
black bile; yellow bile; phlegm; blood
deficit; excess; corruption
environmental circumstances
dietary changes
Hippocrates; 19th
earliest documentation of the use diagnosis in the treatment of disease is contained in the——Papyrus. An——medical textbook. It’s Authorship is not clear but ——has been suggested as the writer
Edwin Smith
Egyptian
Imhotep
-A——-medical textbook, the_____written byEsagil-kin-apli(1069-1046 BC), introduced the use of—- in combining the observed symptoms on the body of a patient to the diagnosis and prognosis
Babylonian
Diagnostic Handbook
logical rules
first to attribute disease causation to natural factors
Hippocrates
-In middle age Europe (5th to 15th century), Urine was inspected (called “——”) based on four criteria:——,——,—-, and——
uroscopy
color
consistency
odor
presence of precipitate.
——- recorded the association between disease and heriditary
Hippocrates
——(TCM) was described in an ancient Chinese text, the—— orHuangdi Neijingwhich dates to the——- BCE(——-)
-The four diagnostic methods of TCMwhich are still being practiced today are—-,——and——,——and——
Traditional Chinese medicine
Yellow Emperor’s Inner Canon
firstor secondcentury
before common era
inspection; listening ;smelling; palpation.; inquiry
Origins of Modern Medicine
-____century
-\_____is a key figure in the modern transformation of medical practice
-He proposed that the functions of aphysicianwere to identify disease and its manifestations and to understand its mechanisms and how it may be prevented or cured.
-For his medical students he believed that the best textbook was—-/
19th/20th
William Osler
the patient himself
Birth of radiology
-____discovery
-It was discovered quite coincidentally by___ on_____in——, Germany.
-Röntgen, a professor of—-, saw the bones of his hand while conducting experiments on light phenomena and other emissions generated by discharging an electrical current in a highly-evacuated glass tube.
-won the Nobel prize in—- in——
-In—— came the development of the image intensifier and——
X-ray
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
8 November 1895
Würzburg
physics
physics; 1901
1950s; X-ray television
Ultrasonography was developed in the——.(A procedure that uses—— to look at—— and—— inside the body.;useful to diagnose stuff like cancer)
1950s
high-energy sound waves
tissues; organs
——regarded as the Golden decade of radiology.
1970s
——(CT)scanwas invented in——.
-It combines a —— and uses computer processing to create——, or slices, of the—-, ——and soft tissues inside your body .
-CT SCAN images provide—— than plain X-rays
-was invented by British engineer—— of—— laboratories in England, and by ——born physicist—— of—— university, Massachusetts (both got a Nobel in——)
Computerized tomography ; 1972
series of X-ray images taken from different angles
cross-sectional images; bones; blood vessels
more details
Godfrey hounsfield; EMI
South -Africa ; Allan-cormack; tufts; 1979
——(MRI) was first used to scan a human being in—— by an Armenian-American physician——.
-MRI uses a—— and computer analysis to produce detailed pictures of internal body structures.
-_____, an English physicist and____ , an American chemist, both got a Nobel in—— in physiology or medicine for——-
-get better view of——
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; 1977
Raymond Vahan Damadian
powerful magnetic field
Sir Peter Mansfield; Paul lauterbur; 2003
scientific discoveries concerning the MRI
soft tissue
Germ theory of infectous disease
-the fact that microorganisms cause infections
-____and____ both did this and are called——
-___discovered the cause of puerperal fever and the causative—— in the blood and suggested using—- to kill this suckers(—-and—-)
Louis Pasteur; Robert Koch; fathers of medical microbiology
Louis; phyogenic vibri
boric acid
1860; 1864
—-and—— invent the electron microscope.
-____develops the erythrocyte sedimentation rate as an index of severity of disease (both happened in——)
M. Knoll ;E. Ruska
R. Gabreus
1929
