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BIO 1306 > History Of Life On Earth > Flashcards

History Of Life On Earth Flashcards

1
Q

Steps that made the origin of life possible

A
  1. Organic molecules formed abiotically
  2. Small organic molecules formed into macromolecules
  3. Macromolecules formed membranes
  4. Macromolecules self-replicated, making inheritance possible
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2
Q

Amino acids turns into…

A

Proteins

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3
Q

Nucleotides turn into…

A

Nucleoacids

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4
Q

Fatty acids and glycerol turns into…

A

Lipids

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5
Q

What is the primitive soup hypothesis?

A

Organic compounds form from simpler molecules with energy from lightning, volcanic eruptions, and IV radiation

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6
Q

What is primitive soup evidence?

A

Urey and Miller experiment tested this hypothesis
Created lab conditions comparable to those on early Earth
Produced many amino acids found today and other organic compounds
Experiment has been repeated many times since

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7
Q

What is the deep sea vent hypothesis?

A

Organic compounds are produced in deep-sea hydrothermal vents

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8
Q

What is a hydrothermal vent?

A

Areas on the sea floor where heated water and minerals gush from Earth’s interior into the ocean

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9
Q

What is astrobiology?

A

The study of life in the universe

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10
Q

Hypothesis for astrobiology:

A

Organic compound delivered to earth by meteorites and other celestial objects

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11
Q

What is comet 67P?

A

Discovered in 2014
Found amino acid glycine

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12
Q

What is Murchison meteorite?

A

Discovered in 1969
4.5 billion years old
Contained 80+ amino acids

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13
Q

Very cell has many types of…

A

Macromolecules

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14
Q

Packing of molecules into…

A

Protocells

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15
Q

All organisms must carry out…

A

Reproduction and energy processing (metabolism)

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16
Q

Key Events of the History of Life

A
  1. first organisms evolve (prokaryotes)!
  2. oxygen-generating photosynthesis
  3. first single celled eukaryotes
  4. first multicellular eukaryotes
  5. diversification of animals
  6. plants colonize land
  7. humans evolve
17
Q

What were the first organisms to evolve?

A

prokaryotes

18
Q

oldest known fossil organisms are contained in…

A

stromatolites

19
Q

what are stromatolites?

A

type of rock formed by accumulation of layers (and layers and layers) of prokaryotic bacteria

20
Q

What are photosynthetic prokaryotes?

A

the first photosynthesizers

21
Q

single celled organisms with a nucleus evolved from…

A

prokaryotes

22
Q

unicellular eukaryotes include…

A

some algae, some fungi, slime mold

23
Q

What is the endosymbiotic theory?

A

theory that eukaryotes originated from prokaryotes through endosymbosis

24
Q

What does endosymbiont?

A

means a cell that lives within a host cell

25
Q

mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA separate from…

A

DNA in nucleus that is similar in shape to prokaryotes

26
Q

size of mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar to…

A

prokaryotes

27
Q

when mitochondria and chloroplasts divide its similar to…

A

prokaryotes

28
Q

endosymbiotic theory is the explanation for…

A

how prokaryotes evolved into modern eukaryotes

29
Q

multicellularity has evolved multiple times across…

A

the tree of life

30
Q

multicellular eukaryotes is linked to…

A

increased atmospheric oxygen

31
Q

what is the cambrian explosion?

A

many present day animal groups appear suddenly in fossil record 535-525 million years ago
20-35 major phyla evolve

32
Q

adaptations during the Cambrian

A

development hard barts (claws, shells armour)
flexible limbs
eyes
predator prey relationships arise
complex ecosystems evolve

33
Q

larger forms of life did not colonize land until…

A

500 million years ago

34
Q

plants lived on land…

A

first

35
Q

fungi likely co-evolved on land with…

A

plants

36
Q

why was the colonization of land important?

A

nutrients scavenged from rocks to form soil
atmospheric oxygen levels rose
plants provided food for other organisms

37
Q

only 9 of the 58 animal groups are…

A

found on Earth today

38
Q

the earliest land animals were…

A

arthropods

BIO 1306 (17 decks)

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