All Things Plants And Plant Ecology

Question 1

Plants evolved from…

Answer 1

Green algae

Question 2

Algae are NOT…

Answer 2

Plants

Question 3

Common ancestor of land plants

Answer 3

Charophytes

Question 4

Plants had to adapt to life on land by…

Answer 4

Freshwater green algae
Often found in shallow ends of lakes and ponds
Regularly experience periods of drying out

Question 5

Benefits of being on land

Answer 5

Bright, unfiltered sunlight
More carbon dioxide in air than water
Soil rich in mineral nutrients
Evolved prior to land animals so no predators

Question 6

Costs of being in land

Answer 6

Relative scarcity
Gravity and the lack of structural support
Difficult for sperm and egg to find each other and not dry out

Question 7

Embryos

Answer 7

Develop inside female plant after fertilization

Question 8

Cuticle

Answer 8

A waxy layer that coats leaves

Question 9

Stomata

Answer 9

Small holes/pores in leaves

Question 10

Roots

Answer 10

Underground portion of plant

Question 11

Plants had to be close to water until evolution of…

Answer 11

Vascular tissue

Question 12

Vascular tissue

Answer 12

Tubes like cells that allow for transport of water and nutrients and provides mechanical support

Question 13

Nonvascular plants

Answer 13

Do not have an extensive transport system

Question 14

Vascular plants

Answer 14

Have extensive system of vascular tissue, or cells that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant body

Question 15

Xylem

Answer 15

Conducts water and dissolved minerals upwards from roots into the shoots

Question 16

Phloem

Answer 16

Transports sugars from where they are made (usually the leaves) to where they are needed or stored (roots, sites of growth)

Question 17

Early vascular plants still relied on…

Answer 17

Water

Question 18

Swimming sperm had to travel from male to…

Answer 18

Female reproductive organs

Question 19

Spores needed water to…

Answer 19

Grown and disperse

Question 20

Early seed plants resembled…

Answer 20

Tree ferns

Question 21

Gynosperms

Answer 21

(Naked seed)
Seeds are not in enclosed chambers
Ex. Conifers

Question 22

Angiosperms

Answer 22

(Flowering plants)
Seeds develop inside chambers that originate within flowers
90% of all extant plant species

Question 23

Benefits of seeds

Answer 23

Protects the fertilized egg
Herd physical structure
Protects against desiccation
Travel long distances
Survive for long periods of time (years)

Question 24

Pollen

Answer 24

Mechanism for delivering sperm to egg in absence of water
Protects sperm from desiccation

Question 25

Flowering plants have the most…

Answer 25

Recent adaptations to life on land

Question 26

Non-flowering plants (gymnosperms)

Answer 26

Rely on wind for pollination
Seeds exposed in underside of leaves/scales
Evergreen life cycle
Unisexual

Question 27

Flowering plants (angiosperms)

Answer 27

Rely on pollinators (insects, bats, birds) to move pollen
Seeds are enclosed in an ovary (often fruit)
Seasonal life cycle
Unisex/Bisexual

Question 28

Flowers and fruit are a reproductive strategy that

Answer 28

Protect embryo
Increase genetic variability
Increase selected range

Question 29

Flowers are…

Answer 29

Site of pollination
Seed production
Attract pollinators with colors, design, scent

Question 30

Fruit are…

Answer 30

Physical barrier that protects seeds as they develop
Prevents desiccation
Help disperse seeds

Question 31

Plant Ecology

Answer 31

The relationship between plants and their environment

Question 32

Eusocial

Answer 32

Organized community where individuals take on specialized and usually lifelong jobs that support one or more needs of the entire community

Question 33

Examples of eusocial communities

Answer 33

Staghorn ferns