Evoltuion Of Populations Flashcards
In natural selection, each organism’s traits affect its fitness when…
Compared to other individuals
What is a population?
A group of individuals of same species that live the same area/time and interbreed, producing fertile offspring
Evolution occurs in…
Populations
Evolution is simply a change in…
Allele frequencies in a population over time
Phenotype variation reflects genetic variation among…
Individuals
What is genetic variation ?
Differences among individuals in composition of their genes or other DNA sequences
Genetic variation can…
Lead to distinct phenotypes
Can be determines by a single gene
Can be determined by multiple genes
Mutations can result in…
The formation of new alleles
What is a mutation?
Change in the nucleotide sequence of organism’s DNA
What causes mutations?
Alteration of single base units in DNA
Deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of entire genes and chromosomes
Mutations results…
In a variant form that can be transmitted to offspring (heritable)
What is a point mutation?
Is when a single nucleotide base is switched, added or deleted
A point mutation can result in…
Frameshift mutations
Most mutations are…
Bad
Natural selection acts on…
Variations caused by random events like mutations
Changes in chromosomes can…
Delete, disrupt,or rearrange many genes
What is trisomy?
Presence of extra chromosome in the cell
What is Monosomy?
Loss of one chromosome in cells
What is a prokaryote?
Microscopic, single cells organism without nucleus with a membrane or specialized organelles
For rapid reproduction, mutation rates are low but…
Fast generation times in prokaryotes can lead to faster genetic variation in their populations
Sexual reproduction leads to…
Unique combinations of alleles that each individual receives from its parents
Sexual reproduction leads to…
Genetic variation
