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Immunology and Serology > History of Immunology > Flashcards

History of Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

____ are foreign substances that induce a host response.

A

Antigens

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2
Q

____ can be defined as the study of a host’s reactions to foreign substances that are introduced into the body.

A

Immunology

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3
Q

____ is the condition of being resistant to infection.

A

Immunity

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4
Q

____ is the Father of Immunology.

A

Louis Pasteur

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5
Q

This event was considered the birth of Immunology.

A

Discovery of live attenuated vaccine

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6
Q

The first recorded attempts to deliberately induce immunity date back to the ____.

A

1500

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7
Q

The ____ practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.

A

Chinese

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8
Q

The Chinese practiced a form of immunization by ____ derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.

A

inhaling dried powders

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9
Q

The Chinese practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the ____.

A

crusts of smallpox lesion

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10
Q

____ was able to successfully prevent infection with smallpox by injecting a less harmful substance—cowpox.

A

Edward Jenner

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11
Q
  • Date: 1798
  • Person: Edward Jenner
  • Contribution:
A

Smallpox vaccination (came from cowpox lesions)

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12
Q
  • Date: 1798
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Smallpox vaccination (came from cowpox lesions)
A

Edward Jenner

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13
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Edward Jenner
  • Contribution: Smallpox vaccination (came from cowpox lesions)
A

1798

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14
Q
  • Date: 1500
  • Person: Chinese
  • Contribution:
A

They practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.

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15
Q
  • Date: 1500
  • Person:
  • Contribution: They practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.
A

Chinese

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16
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Chinese
  • Contribution: They practiced a form of immunization by inhaling dried powders derived from the crusts of smallpox lesion.
A

1500

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17
Q

____ is the immunization practiced by Chinese derived from inhaling smallpox lesion crusts.

A

Variolation

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18
Q

Smallpox vaccination was derived from ____.

A

Cowpox lesion

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19
Q

Vaca means ____.

A

cow

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20
Q

Vaccination came from the Latin word ____.

A

vaca

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21
Q
  • Date: 1862
  • Person: Haeckel
  • Contribution:
A

Phagocytosis

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22
Q
  • Date: 1862
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Phagocytosis
A

Haeckel

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23
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Haeckel
  • Contribution: Phagocytosis
A

1862

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24
Q

____ means cell eating or engulfment.

A

Phagocytosis

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25
Q

____ is the Father of Immunology.

A

Louis Pasteur

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26
Q
  • Date: 1880 - 1881
  • Person: Louis Pasteur
  • Contribution:
A

Live, attenuated chicken cholera, anthrax vaccine

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27
Q
  • Date: 1880 - 1881
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Live, attenuated chicken cholera, anthrax vaccine
A

Louis Pasteur

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28
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Louis Pasteur
  • Contribution: Live, attenuated chicken cholera, anthrax vaccine
A

1880 - 1881

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29
Q

____ means to weaken the antigen.

A

Attenuated

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30
Q

What are the means of Attenuation?

A
  • Heating
  • Aging
  • Chemical
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31
Q
  • Date: 1883 -1905
  • Person: Ellie Metchnikoff
  • Contribution:
A

Cellular Theory of Immunity through Phagocytosis

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32
Q
  • Date: 1883 -1905
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Cellular Theory of Immunity through Phagocytosis
A

Ellie Metchnikoff

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33
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Ellie Metchnikoff
  • Contribution: Cellular Theory of Immunity through Phagocytosis
A

1883 -1905

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34
Q
  • Date: 1885
  • Person: Louis Pasteur
  • Contribution:
A
  • Therapeutic Vaccination
  • First report of live attenuated rabies vaccine
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35
Q
  • Date: 1885
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Therapeutic Vaccination, First report of live attenuated rabies vaccine
A

Louis Pasteur

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36
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Louis Pasteur
  • Contribution: Therapeutic Vaccination, First report of live attenuated rabies vaccine
A

1885

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37
Q
  • Date: 1890
  • Person: Von Behring, Kitasata
  • Contribution:
A

Humoral Theory of Immunity

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38
Q
  • Date: 1890
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Humoral Theory of Immunity
A

Von Behring, Kitasata

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39
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Von Behring, Kitasata
  • Contribution: Humoral Theory of Immunity
A

1890

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40
Q
  • Date: 1891
  • Person: Robert Koch
  • Contribution:
A

Cutaneous Hypersensitivity (Type IV - delayed)

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41
Q
  • Date: 1891
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Cutaneous Hypersensitivity (Type IV - delayed)
A

Robert Koch

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42
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Robert Koch
  • Contribution: Cutaneous Hypersensitivity (Type IV - delayed)
A

1891

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43
Q

____ is the exaggerated reaction of the immune system.

A

Hypersensitivity

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44
Q

Types of Hypersensitivity

A
  • I - immediate
  • II - cellular
  • III - immune complex deposition
  • IV - delayed
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45
Q

Which Type of Hypersensitivity?

Immediate reaction

A

Type I

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46
Q

Which Type of Hypersensitivity?

Cellular

A

Type II

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47
Q

Which Type of Hypersensitivity?

Immune complex deposition

A

Type III

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48
Q

Which Type of Hypersensitivity?

Delayed

A

Type IV

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49
Q
  • Date: 1894 - 1895
  • Person: Pfeiffer & Buchner
  • Contribution:
A

Complement-mediated cytolysis

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50
Q
  • Date: 1894 - 1895
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Complement-mediated cytolysis
A

Pfeiffer & Buchner

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51
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Pfeiffer & Buchner
  • Contribution: Complement-mediated cytolysis
A

1894 - 1895

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52
Q
  • Date: 1896
  • Person: Gruber & Durham
  • Contribution:
A

Agglutination Reactions

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53
Q
  • Date: 1896
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Agglutination Reactions
A

Gruber & Durham

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54
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Gruber & Durham
  • Contribution: Agglutination Reactions
A

1896

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55
Q
  • Date: 1896
  • Person: Ferdinand Widal
  • Contribution:
A

Agglutination reaction for diagnosis of Typhoid Fever

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56
Q
  • Date: 1896
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Agglutination reaction for diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
A

Ferdinand Widal

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57
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Ferdinand Widal
  • Contribution: Agglutination reaction for diagnosis of Typhoid Fever
A

1896

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58
Q
  • Date: 1900
  • Person: Paul Ehrlich
  • Contribution:
A

Antibody formation theory

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59
Q
  • Date: 1900
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Antibody formation theory
A

Paul Ehrlich

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60
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Paul Ehrlich
  • Contribution: Antibody formation theory
A

1900

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61
Q
  • Date: 1900
  • Person: Karl Landsteiner
  • Contribution:
A

ABO Blood Group

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62
Q
  • Date: 1900
  • Person:
  • Contribution: ABO Blood Group
A

Karl Landsteiner

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63
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Karl Landsteiner
  • Contribution: ABO Blood Group
A

1900

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64
Q

____ is the severe form of allergy.

A

Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis

65
Q
  • Date: 1902
  • Person: Portier & Charles Richet
  • Contribution:
A

Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis

66
Q
  • Date: 1902
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis
A

Portier & Charles Richet

67
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Portier & Charles Richet
  • Contribution: Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis
A

1902

68
Q
  • Date: 1903
  • Person: Arthus
  • Contribution:
A

Arthus reaction of hypersensitivity (Type III)

69
Q
  • Date: 1903
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Arthus reaction of hypersensitivity (Type III)
A

Arthus

70
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Arthus
  • Contribution: Arthus reaction of hypersensitivity (Type III)
A

1903

71
Q
  • Date: 1903
  • Person: Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, Joseph Denys
  • Contribution:
A

Discovered opsonins

72
Q
  • Date: 1903
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Discovered opsonins
A

Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, Joseph Denys

73
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Almoth Wright, Stephen Douglas, Joseph Denys
  • Contribution: Discovered opsonins
A

1903

74
Q

____ coats or bind to the microorganism to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis.

A

Opsonins

75
Q
  • Date: 1903
  • Person: George Snell
  • Contribution:
A
  • Worked out genetics of murine MHC
  • Generated congenic strains
76
Q
  • Date: 1903
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Worked out genetics of murine MHC, Generated congenic strains
A

George Snell

77
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: George Snell
  • Contribution: Worked out genetics of murine MHC, Generated congenic strains
A

1903

78
Q
  • Date: 1906
  • Person: Von Pirquet & Schick
  • Contribution:
A

Described the relationship of immunity and hypersensitivity

79
Q
  • Date: 1906
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Described the relationship of immunity and hypersensitivity
A

Von Pirquet & Schick

80
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Von Pirquet & Schick
  • Contribution: Described the relationship of immunity and hypersensitivity
A

1906

81
Q
  • Date: 1906
  • Person: Jean Dausset
  • Contribution:
A

Early pioneer in the study of MHC and HLA

82
Q
  • Date: 1906
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Early pioneer in the study of MHC and HLA
A

Jean Dausset

83
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Jean Dausset
  • Contribution: Early pioneer in the study of MHC and HLA
A

1906

84
Q
  • Date: 1911
  • Person: Niel Jerne
  • Contribution:
A
  • Hemolytic plaque assay
  • Early version of Clonal selection
85
Q
  • Date: 1911
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Hemolytic plaque assay, Early version of Clonal selection
A

Niel Jerne

86
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Niel Jerne
  • Contribution: Hemolytic plaque assay, Early version of Clonal selection
A

1911

87
Q
  • Date: 1915 - 1987
  • Person: Peter Medawar
  • Contribution:
A

Acquired immunologic tolerance

88
Q
  • Date: 1915 - 1987
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Acquired immunologic tolerance
A

Peter Medawar

89
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Peter Medawar
  • Contribution: Acquired immunologic tolerance
A

1915 - 1987

90
Q
  • Date: 1920
  • Person: Jules Bordet
  • Contribution:
A

Nobel prize for his work on complement system

91
Q
  • Date: 1920
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Nobel prize for his work on complement system
A

Jules Bordet

92
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Jules Bordet
  • Contribution: Nobel prize for his work on complement system
A

1920

93
Q
  • Date: 1920
  • Person: Baruj Bernacerraf
  • Contribution:
A
  • Immune response genes
  • First demonstration of MHC restriction
94
Q
  • Date: 1920
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Immune response genes, First demonstration of MHC restriction
A

Baruj Bernacerraf

95
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Baruj Bernacerraf
  • Contribution: Immune response genes, Demonstration of MHC restriction
A

1920

96
Q
  • Date: 1920 - 1985
  • Person: Rodney Porter
  • Contribution:
A

Polypeptide structure of antibody molecule

97
Q
  • Date: 1920 - 1985
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Polypeptide structure of antibody molecule
A

Rodney Porter

98
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Rodney Porter
  • Contribution: Polypeptide structure of antibody molecule
A

1920 - 1985

99
Q
  • Date: 1921
  • Person: Albert Calmette, Camille Guerin
  • Contribution:
A

Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)

100
Q
  • Date: 1921
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)
A

Albert Calmette & Camille Guerin

101
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Allbert Calmette, Camille Guerin
  • Contribution: Tuberculosis vaccine (BCG)
A

1921

102
Q
  • Date: 1921
  • Person: Rosalyn Yalow
  • Contribution:
A

Radio Immunoassay (RIA) of peptide hormones

103
Q
  • Date: 1921
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Radio Immunoassay of peptide hormones
A

Rosalyn Yalow

104
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Rosalyn Yalow
  • Contribution: Radio Immunoassay (RIA) of peptide hormones
A

1921

105
Q
  • Date: 1922
  • Person: Alexander Flemming
  • Contribution:
A

Action of lysozymes

106
Q
  • Date: 1922
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Action of lysozymes
A

Alexander Flemming

107
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Alexander Flemming
  • Contribution: Action of lysozymes
A

1922

108
Q
  • Date: 1924
  • Person: James Gowan
  • Contribution:
A

Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by Lymphocytes

109
Q
  • Date: 1924
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by Lymphocytes
A

James Gowan

110
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: James Gowan
  • Contribution: Discovered that adaptive immunity is mediated by Lymphocytes
A

1924

111
Q
  • Date: 1927/1946
  • Person: Cesar Milstein, Georges Kohler
  • Contribution:
A

Monoclonal Antibody Formation

112
Q
  • Date: 1927/1946
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Monoclonal Antibody Formation
A

Cesar Milstein & Georges Kohler

113
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Cesar Milstein, Georges Kohler
  • Contribution: Monoclonal Antibody Formation
A

1927/1946

114
Q
  • Date: 1929
  • Person: Gerald Edelman
  • Contribution:
A
  • Ig structure
  • First complete sequence of Ab molecule
115
Q
  • Date: 1929
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Ig structure, First complete sequence of Ab molecule
A

Gerald Edelman

116
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Gerald Edelman
  • Contribution: Ig structure, First complete sequence of Ab molecule
A

1929

117
Q
  • Date: 1930
  • Person: Max Theiler
  • Contribution:
A

Yellow fever vaccine

118
Q
  • Date: 1930
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Yellow fever vaccine
A

Max Theiler

119
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Max Theiler
  • Contribution: Yellow fever vaccine
A

1930

120
Q
  • Date: 1938
  • Person: Marrack
  • Contribution:
A

Antigen-antibody binding

121
Q
  • Date: 1938
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Antigen-antibody binding
A

Marrack

122
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Marrack
  • Contribution: Antigen-antibody binding
A

1938

123
Q
  • Date: 1939
  • Person: Susumu Tonegawa
  • Contribution:
A

Somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes

124
Q
  • Date: 1939
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes
A

Susumu Tonegawa

125
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Susumu Tonegawa
  • Contribution: Somatic recombination of immunological receptor genes
A

1939

126
Q
  • Date: 1949
  • Person: Salk and Sabin
  • Contribution:
A

Polio Vaccine

127
Q
  • Date: 1949
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Polio Vaccine
A

Salk and Sabin

128
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Salk and Sabin
  • Contribution: Polio Vaccine
A

1949

129
Q
  • Date: 1957
  • Person: Burnet
  • Contribution:
A

Clonal Selection Theory

130
Q
  • Date: 1957
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Clonal Selection Theory
A

Burnet

131
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Burnet
  • Contribution: Clonal Selection Theory
A

1957

132
Q
  • Date: 1957
  • Person: Alic Isaacs, Jean Lindemann
  • Contribution:
A

Interferons

133
Q
  • Date: 1957
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Interferons
A

Alic Isaacs, Jean Lindemann

134
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Alic Isaacs, Jean Lindemann
  • Contribution: Interferons
A

1957

135
Q

____ are signaling proteins that are released by host cells in response to virus.

A

Interferons

136
Q
  • Date: 1980
  • Person: Luc Montaigner
  • Contribution:
A

Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)

137
Q
  • Date: 1980
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)
A

Luc Montaigner

138
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Luc Montaigner
  • Contribution: Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus (LAV)
A

1980

139
Q
  • Date: 1980
  • Person: Robert Gallo
  • Contribution:
A

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

140
Q
  • Date: 1980
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
A

Robert Gallo

141
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Robert Gallo
  • Contribution: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
A

1980

142
Q
  • Date: 1986
  • Person: Mosmann
  • Contribution:
A

Th1 vs. Th2 Model of T-helper Function

143
Q
  • Date: 1986
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Th1 vs. Th2 Model of T-helper Function
A

Mosmann

144
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Mosmann
  • Contribution: Th1 vs. Th2 Model of T-helper Function
A

1986

145
Q
  • Date: 1991
  • Person: E. Dounal Thomas, Joseph Murray
  • Contribution:
A

Concepts of transplantation

146
Q
  • Date: 1991
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Concepts of transplantation
A

E. Dounal Thomas & Joseph Murray

147
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: E. Dounal Thomas, Joseph Murray
  • Contribution: Concepts of transplantation
A

1991

148
Q
  • Date: 1996 - 1998
  • Contribution:
A

Toll-like Receptors

149
Q
  • Date:
  • Contribution: Toll-like Receptors
A

1996-1998

150
Q
  • Date: 1996
  • Person: Peter Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel
  • Contribution:
A

Mechanism of cellular immune response mediated by T-cells

151
Q
  • Date: 1996
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Mechanism of cellular immune response mediated by T-cells
A

Peter Doherty & Rolf Zinkernagel

152
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Peter Doherty, Rolf Zinkernagel
  • Contribution: Mechanism of cellular immune response mediated by T-cells
A

1996

153
Q
  • Date: 2001
  • Contribution:
A

FOX3p

154
Q
  • Date:
  • Contribution: FOX3p
A

2001

155
Q

____ is the gene directing regulatory T-cell development.

A

FOX3p

156
Q
  • Date: 2005
  • Person: Frazer
  • Contribution:
A

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine

157
Q
  • Date: 2005
  • Person:
  • Contribution: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
A

Frazer

158
Q
  • Date:
  • Person: Frazer
  • Contribution: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine
A

2005

Immunology and Serology (5 decks)

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