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SCIENCE 11 > HISTORY OF EARTH > Flashcards

HISTORY OF EARTH Flashcards

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1
Q

THE PRINCIPLE IS THE KEY TO THE PAST QHICH IS BASED ON THE PRINCIPLE THAT NATURALLY LAWS HAVE REMAINED THROUGH OUT TIME

A

UNIFORMITARIANISM

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2
Q

ALSO KNOWN AS THE DOCTRINE OF UNIFORMITY

A

UNIFORMITARIANISM

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3
Q

FORMED IN LAYER, PRIVIDE USEFUL INFORMATION IN RELATIVE DATING

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

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4
Q

THEY ARE FORMED FROM FRAGMENTS OF OTHER TYPES OF ROCKS

A

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

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5
Q

NEW SEDIMENTARY ROCKS LAYERS ARE ALWAYS _

A

FLAT

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6
Q

USED TO DETERMINE WHETHER AN OBJECT OR EVENT IS OLDER OR YOUNGER THAN OTHER OBJECTS OR EVENTS

A

RELATIVE DATING

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7
Q

ARE DEPOSITED IN THE SEDIMENTARY LAYERS OF ROCKS

A

FOSSILS

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8
Q

LAWS/IDEAS:

A

LAW OF ORIGINAL HORIZONTALLY, LAW OF SUPERPOSITION, PRINCIPLE OF CROSS CUTTING RELATIONS, IDEA OF UNCOMFORMITIES

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9
Q

MEANS THAT SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE ORIGINALLY FORMED IN HORIZONTAL LAYER

A

LAW OF ORIGINAL HORIZONTALLY

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10
Q

HORIZONTALLY OCCURS IN AN AREA OF LAND THAT IS FORCES TO BEND, USUALLY FROM FORCES INSIDE THR EARTH PUSHINH ON THEM

A

LAW OF ORIGINAL HORIZONTALLY

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11
Q

STATES THAT IN ANY UNDISTURBED SEQUENCE OF LAYERS OF ROCKS, THE OLDER LAYER WOULD HE AT THE BOTTOM, AND THE YOUNGER WOULD BE ON THE TOP

A

LAW OF SUPERPOSITION

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12
Q

THIS STATES THAT ANY TOCKS OR FAULT THAT CUT ACROSS THE OTHER ROCK IS YOUNGER THAN THOSE IT CUT ACROSS

A

PRINCIPLE OF CROSS CUTTING RELATIONS

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13
Q

ARE SURFACES OF EROSION THAT SEPARATE YOUNGER ROCKS FROM OLDER ONES

A

IDEA OF UNCOMFOMITIES

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14
Q

METHOD OF MEASURING THE ABSOLUTE AGE OF AN EVENT OR OBJECT

A

ABSOLUTE DATING

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15
Q

UNSTABLE RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPE

A

PARENT ISOTOPE

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16
Q

STABLE ISOTOPE PRODUCED BY THE RADIACTIVE DECAY OF THE PARENT ISOTOPE

A

DAUGHTER ISOTOPE

17
Q

TIME NEEDED FOR A HALF A SAMPLE OF RADIACTIVE SUBSTANCE

A

HALF LIFE

18
Q

THE RATE OF RADIOACTUVE DECAY IS _

A

CONSTANT

19
Q

ANOTHER DATING METHOD ACHIEVED BY DETERMINING THE ABSOLUTE AGE OF A SAMPLE

A

RADIOMETRIC DATING

20
Q

4 RADIOMETRIC DATING METHODS BASED ON THE ESTIMATED AGE OF AN OBJECT:

A

POTASSIUM-ARGON, URANIUM-LEAD, RUBIDIUM STRONTIUM, CARBON-14

21
Q

=USES POTASSIUM-40
=HALF LIFE OF 1.3 BILLION YEARS GA, IT LEAVSS ITS DAUGHTER MATERIAL, ARGON
=USED MAINLY TO DATE ROCKS OLDER THAN 100000 YEARS

A

POTASSIUM-ARGON METHOD

22
Q

=USES URANIUM-238 HALF LIFE OF 4.5 GA
=URANIUM-238 DECAYS IN A SERIES OF STEPS WHICH BECOMES LEAD-206
=USED TO DATE ROCKS OLDER THAN 10 MILLION YEARS OLD

A

URANIUM-LEAD METHOD

23
Q

=USES RUBIDIUM-87 WHICH FORMS A STABLE DAUGHTER ISOTOPE STRONTIUM-87
=HALF LIFE OF RUBIDIUM IS 49 GA
=USED FOR ROCKS WHICH ARE OLDER THAN 10 MILLION MA

A

RUBIDIUM-STRONTIUM METHOD

24
Q

=USES RADIACTIVE ISOTOPE CARBON-14
=HALF LIFE OF 5730 YEARS
=MAINLY USED FOR DATING THINGS THAT LIVED WITHIN THE LAST 50,000 YEARS

A

CARBON-14 METHOD

25
Q

CONSIDERED A CHAOTI EON MAINLY DUE TO METREORITES THAT CONSTANTLY BOMBARDED EARTH

A

HADEAN EON

26
Q

HADEAN CAME FROM HADES WHICH MEANS

A

HELL

27
Q

THE OCEAN AND ATMOSPHERW WERE FORMED AND THE CRUST WAS ALSO STABILIZED

A

HADEAN EON

28
Q

LASTED FOR 1.3 GA

A

ARCHEAN EON

29
Q

PERIOD WHEN EARTH BECAME WARM BUT THE ATMOSPHERE CONTAINED OBLY METHANE AND LITTLE TO NO OXYGEN

A

ARCHEAN EON

30
Q

MILLION OF YEARS

A

AGE

31
Q

TENS OF MILLION OF YEARS

A

EPOCH

32
Q

100 MILLION YEARS

A

PERIOD

33
Q

SEVERAL 100 MILLION YEARS

A

ERA

34
Q

HALF A BILLION YEARS OR MORE

A

EON

35
Q

IT IS KNOWN THAT NEW LAYERS CAN BE LAID DOWN ONLY ON TOP OF PREEXISTING OLDER STRATA

A

PRINCIPLE OF SUPERPOSITION

36
Q

REMNANNT OF ANY ANCIENT ANIMAL OR PLANT THAT HAS BEEN PRESERVED IN CRYSTALLIZED ROCKS

A

FOSSIL

37
Q

SERVE AS GUIDE OR INDICATORS OF CERTAIN GEOLOGIC PERIODS

A

INDEX FOSSILS

SCIENCE 11 (15 decks)

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