History Mid Term Flashcards
How did government(s) change after the Revolutionary War?
the government went from being a parliament system to presidential system with the judicial, legislative, and executive branches.
Articles of Confederation-Power
A document adopted by the current Continental Congress in 1777 and finally approved by the states in 1781 that outlined the form of government of the United States
Constitutional Convention-Place
a meeting held in 1787 at The State House in Philidelphia to consider changes to the articles of Confederation resulted in the drafting of the Constitution
Three-Fifths Compromise-Issues
it addressed the constitutional convention’s agreement to count 3/5 of a state slaves as a population for purposes of representation and taxation
Constitutional Convention-Representation
a meeting held in 1787 to consider changes to the articles of Confederation resulted in the drafting of the Constitution
Opposition to the Constitution ‘s
people who opposed the new Constitution of the United States were called Anti-Federalists.Many were concerned because there was no “Bill of Rights” included in the new Constitution.
Bill of Rights-Origins
supporters of a bill of rights hoped that it would set forth the right of all Americans today believe it was needed to protect people against the power of the national government James Madison took up the cause he proposes a set of changes to the Constitution Congress edited Madisons list and proposing placing the amendment at the end of the Constitution in a separate section
Make up of Congress the house of representatives and the senate
The United States House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the United States Congress (a bicameral legislature). It is frequently referred to as the House. The other house is the Senate.
Each U.S. state is represented in the House in proportion to its population but is entitled to at least one representative.
Each U.S. state is represented by two senators, regardless of population
Branches of Government
legislative branch
executive branch
judicial branch
Presidential powers
military powers
treaties
appointment vacancies
Separation of powers & Checks and balances judicial branch, executive branch, legislative branch.
Judicial branch checked on executive branch and legislative branch,
Executive branch checked on judicial branch and legislative branch,
Legislative branch checked on executive branch and judicial branch
Representation in Congress
Some delegates such as Gov. Morris thought that representation should be based on wealth as well as population others such as James Wilson thought representation should be based on population only ultimately the delegates voted against including wealth as a basis for apportioning representatives
Presidential vetos
the power (used by an officer of the state, for example) to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation.
First Amendment
religious and political freedom 1791 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise therefore or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances
President’s cabinet
Cabinet of the United States is composed of the most senior appointed officers of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States, who are generally the heads of the federal executive departments
Tariffs
a tax on imported goods
Washington’s views of political parties
he felt they were going to split us apart
Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan
paying off all war debts, raising government revenues, and creating a National bank.
Louisiana Purchase
acquisition by the United States of America in 1803 of 828,000 square miles of France’s claim to the territory of Louisiana
approved for $15 million (less than 3 cents per acre) the purchase double the size of the United States Americans knew little about the territory
The purchase of the territory of Louisiana took place during the presidency of Thomas Jefferson. At the time, the purchase faced domestic opposition because it was thought to be unconstitutional
Impact of Sacajawea on American history
Because of her, the Lewis and Clark expedition was a major success, and eventually led to the entire face of the American continent being changed.
Jefferson and the Corps of Discovery known as the Lewis and Clark expedition
(1804–1806), was the first transcontinental expedition to the Pacific coast undertaken by the United States. Commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson, it was led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark.
Results of the War of 1812
increase American patriotism broke the strength of Native Americans coincided with the British Americans were forced to make many goods they previously imported
Louisiana Purchase and powers of Constitution
the Constitution says nothing about the president’s right to buy land but Jefferson believed in a Republic of small farmers and that required land so on April 30, 1803 the was Louisiana purchase was approved
The Embargo Act
enacted that stated that American ships were no longer allowed to sales of foreign ports and it also closed American ports to British ships
Power of military in War of 1812
the Americans were ill-prepared for war. Despite their massive manpower advantage, they stared the war with only 13,000 soldiers – less than double the 7000 British and Canadian troops in Canada.
Interchangeable parts
a part that is exactly like another part
Industrial Revolution
he transition to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840
included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power and development of machine tools. The transition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. The Industrial revolution began in Britain and within a few decades spread to Western Europe and the United States.
Improvements in transportation
the steamboat and canals
Sectionalism
loyalty to the interests of one’s own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole.
AKA: Sectionalism in 1800’s America refers to the different economies, social structures, customs, and political values of the North and South.
Missouri Compromise
of series of laws enacted in 1820 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states
passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.
Age of Canals
the period from 1825 to 1850
the Canal Age in the United States, from 1790 to 1855, since few records were kept and fewer of the much-used boats survived. Yet industrialization would not have been possible without quick, inexpensive transportation. Mountains, forests, and swamps had hampered the development of the Northwest Territory, acquired after the Revolutionary War, and the lands of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803.
Effects of Cotton Gin
it triggered a vast move westward pledgers room more cotton rather than other goods cotton exports in creased Native American groups were driven off southern land slavery became a more working source of labor
Slave life in the South in Early 1800’s
one third of the South population in 1840 worked on large plantations with white overseers domestic servants skilled craftsmen factory has an day laborers
Southern life White & Black
Whites were land owners and slave owners. Blacks were slaves that worked on plantations. Not all blacks worked on plantations. Some were domestic servants, skilled craftsman, factory hands, and day labors. Sometimes they were hired out and allowed to keep part of their earnings.
