AfricanAmerican History Chapter 16 Flashcards
Describe Booker T. Washington’s philosophy on the advancement of African Americans.
Booker T. Washington’s commitment to agricultural and industrial education served as the basis for his approach to “the problem of the color line.” By the beginning of the twentieth century, Washington was convinced that black men and women who had mastered skills acquired at institutions like Tuskegee and Hampton would be recognized, if not welcomed, as productive contributors to tne southern economy.
Washington reassured white people that cooperation between t the races in the interest of pro* Washington implied that black people need not protest because they were denied rights white men possessed. Instead, he urged his black listeners to struggle steadily rather than make defiant demands.
Define civil rights.
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individuals’ freedom from infringement by governments, social organizations and private individuals, and which ensure one’s ability to participate in the civil and political life of the society and state without discrimination or repression.
The African-American Civil Rights Movement or 1960s Civil Rights Movement encompasses social movements in the United States whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans and to secure legal recognition and federal protection of the citizenship rights enumerated in the Constitution and federal law.
What is the Talented Tenth?
Du Bois, was conwnced that the advancement of black people was the responsibility of the black elite, those he called the Talented Tenth, meaning the upper 10 percent of black Americans. Education, he believed, was the key: “Work alone will not do it unless inspired by the right ideals and guided by intelligence. Education must not simply teach work–it must teach Life. “
What was the Great Migration and what sparked it?
The great migration of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North began as a trickle of people after the Civil War and became a Rood of human beings by the second decade of the twentieth century.
Although many black Southerners went to Florida, most migrants from the Carolinas and Virginia settled in Washington, Philadelphia, and NewYork (see Map 16-2).
Black people who left Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi tended to move to pittsburgh, Cleveland, and Detroit. Migrants from Louisiana, Mississippi, and Arkansas of`ten rode the Illinois Central Railroad to Chicago. Once 0. Once they experienced a large city, many black people then resettled in smaller communities. Migrants to Philadelphia, for example, move to Harrisburg or Altoona, Pennsylvania, or to wilmington, Delaware.
Many descendants of Africans who had been slaves in the sugarcane fields of the West Indies joined the migration of black Southerners to towns and cities in the North. Between 1900 and 1924, 102,000 West Indians came to the United States.
What is the NAACP and what was its purpose?
In 1909 the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded by a coalition of whites and blacks committed to taking an assertive stance on racial issues.
As the Niagara Movement expired, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NMCP) came to life.
In its early years the NAACP was a militant organization dedicated to racial justice. White leaders dominated it and white contributors largely financed it.
Describe the situation faced by African American soldiers during World War I at home and overseas.
On April 6, 1917, Congress declared war on Germany. Most African Americans support.cd the war effort. As in previous conflicts, black people soughL to demonstrate their loyalty and devotion to the country through military service.
White leaders were less enthusiastic about the participation of black men.
There were about 10,000 black regulars in the U.S. Army in 1917: the 9th and lOth Cavalry regiments and the 24th and 25th Infantry regiments. There were more than 5,000 black men in the navy. Virtually all of them were waiters, kitchen attendants, and stokers for the ships’ boilers. . The Marine Corps did not admit black men. I Selective Service system drafted more than 370,000 black men-13 percent of all draftees although none of the local draft boards had black members.
The military remained rigidly segregated. . The War Department created an officer train- ing school at Fort Des Momes, Iowa. Nearly 1,250 black men enrolled. Over 1,000 received commissions. Black officers, however, were con- fined to the lower ranks. No . None of these new black officers were pro- moted above captain, and the overall command of black units remained in white hands.
