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History > History Final Flash Cards > Flashcards

History Final Flash Cards

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1
Q

Old Regime

A

the social and political system of France in the 1770s in which people were divided into three large social classes

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2
Q

First Estate

A

estate that was formed by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church; had access to high offices and exemptions from paying taxes

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3
Q

Second Estate

A

estate that was made up of rich nobles; owned 20 percent of the land in France and paid almost no taxes

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4
Q

Third Estate

A

estate formed by the middle class, the workers, and the peasant farmers; resented the First and Second Estates

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5
Q

Fourth Estate

A

a societal or political force or institution whose influence is not consistently or officially recognized

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6
Q

Bourgeoisie, Workers, Peasants

A

three groups that made up the Third Estate

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7
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

term for the middle class

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8
Q

Louis XVI

A

king of France whose excessive spending caused France’s government to sink deeply into debt; a very weak leader

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9
Q

Marie Antoinette

A

queen who often interfered with government matters and gave king bad advice; very unpopular among the French

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10
Q

Estates-General

A

an assembly of representatives from all three estates that met to approve a tax on the nobility

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11
Q

Voting Problems

A

these occurred during the meeting of the estates-general

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12
Q

National Assembly

A

in a speech, Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès suggested that the Third Estate name themselves this and pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people

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13
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A

after delegates of the Third Estate broke down a door, they made this pledge to stay there until they had drawn out a new constitution

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14
Q

Jul 14, 1789

A

date on which a mob stormed Bastille, a Paris prison

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15
Q

Bastille

A

Paris prison that was stormed by a mob searching for gunpowder on July 14, 1789

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16
Q

Great Fear

A

wave of senseless panic that rolled through France after it was suggested that nobles were hiring outlaws to terrorize the peasants

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17
Q

Imperialism

A

The domination by one country over another country. In the “new” imperialism, countries were looking for raw materials for industry (rubber, oil, tin) and markets to sell goods.

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18
Q

Racism

A

The belief that race determines traits and capabilities.

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19
Q

Social Darwinism

A

The application of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human societies–particularly as justification for imperial expansion

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20
Q

Boer

A

A Dutch colonist of South Africa

Dutch people (farmers), who settled in South Africa. They believed they were superior to native Africans. They went to war with the British and Zulus.

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21
Q

Assimilation

A

A policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institution and customs.

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22
Q

Paternalism

A

the policy or practice on the part of people in positions of authority of restricting the freedom and responsibilities of those subordinate to them in the subordinates’ supposed best interest.

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23
Q

blockade

A

a war measure that isolates some area of importance to the enemy

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24
Q

Continental System

A

Napoleon’s efforts to block foreign trade with England by forbidding Importation of British goods Into Europe.

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25
Q

guerrilla

A

a member of an irregular armed force that fights a stronger force by sabotage and harassment

26
Q

Peninsular War

A

This war was the beginning of the end of Napoleon’s Grand Empire after the Spanish rebelled against France for its independence

27
Q

scorched-earth policy

A

a military strategy or operational method which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing

28
Q

Waterloo

A

The site of Napoleon’s defeat by British and Prussian armies in 1815, which ended his last bid for power

29
Q

Hundred Days

A

The brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French King and again becoming Emperor of France

30
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon I. (p. 594)

31
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

This was Austria’s foreign minister who wanted a balance of power in an international equilibrium of political and military forces that would discourage aggression

32
Q

balance of power

A

an equilibrium of power between nations

33
Q

legitimacy

A

undisputed credibility

34
Q

Holy Alliance

A

a league of European nations formed by the leaders of Russia, Austria, and Prussia after the congress of Vienna

35
Q

Concert of Europe

A

a series of alliances among European nations in the 19th century, devised by Prince Klemens von Metternich to prevent the outbreak of revolutions

36
Q

The Communist Manifesto

A

a political pamphlet published by Karl Marx and Friederich Engels which explained their economic theory which distributed wealth and social status evenly.

37
Q

bourgeoisie

A

in Communist theory, the wealthier class, the owners of factories, buildings, and properties.

38
Q

socialism

A

a cross between capitalism and communism where the government manages basic needs (housing, health care), but private citizens may still own property.

39
Q

tsar

A

The monarchic ruler of Russia; based on the word “caesar”

40
Q

proletariat

A

in Communist theory, the working class, which makes up most of society

41
Q

totalitarian

A

the bulk of the power is placed in the hands of a single ruler or dictator

42
Q

communism

A

an economic system where wealth is distributed evenly to everybody

43
Q

centralized or planned economy

A

the government controls all aspects of a countries monetary activities

44
Q

capital

A

factories, buildings, property, money

45
Q

capitalism

A

people compete to make money

46
Q

exported goods

A

goods that are made in the United States but sold outside the United States

47
Q

imported goods

A

good which are made outside of the United States but sold inside the United States

48
Q

domestic goods

A

good which are made in the United States and sold in the United States

49
Q

The support of the Russian people

A

what allowed the Bolsheviks to take over the Russia government?`

50
Q

become a major industrial power

A

Stalin set up a series of Fire-Year Plans in order to?

51
Q

to discourage a German Invasion

A

Why did the Soviet Union set up a Communist governments in Eastern Europe?

52
Q

military action

A

How did the Soviet Union respond to Eastern European demands for change?

53
Q

completely control citizens lives

A

In a totalitarian states, leaders attempt to?

54
Q

stop communism’s spread

A

The US policy of containment was meant to?

55
Q

Fight the spread of communism

A

The Truman Doctrine pledged that the US would?

56
Q

it escalated tension

A

How did the reagan presidency affect the US relationship with the Soviets?

57
Q

per capita

A

per person

58
Q

agriculture

A

intentional farming of crops for profit or food

59
Q

inflation

A

a decrease in the value of currency

60
Q

suffrage

A

the legal right to vote

61
Q

infant mortality rate

A

a rate at which babies perish

62
Q

maternal mortality rate

A

a rate at which mother perish at childbirth

History (24 decks)

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