History (Lesson 2,3,4) Flashcards
What is the “Great man” theory?
Theory that history can be explained by the impact of great man.
Importance of Romanization
Traditionally Romanization was thought of as unidirectional spread of Roman culture. This term is no longer accepted by modern scholars because it doesn’t reflect on the now recognized continuity of pre-Roman cultures in the provinces and the blending of cultures.
Who founded Rome?
Founded by Romulus after he killed his twin brother Remus.
Which nations inhabited Italy in the Iron Age (8th century)?
Greeks, Etruscans (Tuscany), Latins
Out of the 7 Kings of Rome, which 3 were important?
Romulus, Numa Pompilius and Tarquinius Superbus (last of the kings)
What is Res Publica?
The Republic
Role of magistracies in the republic?
Share the king’s power so that dictatorships don’t happen. They’re elected annually by male citizens.
What was the Middle Roman Republic characterized by?
Foreign wars and territorial expansion. Roman became the strongest empire.
How did Greek’s influence on Rome come about?
When Rome captured Greece and Athens, they obtained a flood of Greek slaves, art work and literature. This resulted in Rome adopting Greek customs.
What are optimates and populares?
Optimates were politicians who grew power from traditional means such as the senate. Populares were politicians that grew power by following the popular route. Public target tended to be Plebeians.
Gaius Marius
Elected for consul numerous times cuz of his military successes. Allowed landless to enlist and promised land at retirement. Boosted soldier loyalty towards generals rather than state.
Gnaeus Pompeius (Pompey the Great or Magnus)
Magnus helped defeat the slave revolt led by Spartacus, got rid of pirates in the Mediterranean, and won the third Mithridatic war making the East a Roman province, however could not secure land for soldiers afterwards.
Marcus Licinius Crassus
An elite that created the first fire department (only used them when he bought the property at a low price), helped Magnus defeat Spartacus.
Gaius Julius Caesar
Conquered Gaul (France), won the civil war and defeated Pompey, increased size of senate, founded colonia, adopted nephew Octavian as heir, made Julian calendar, killed by Brutus and Longinus, wanted to be kings
Who consisted of the First Triumvirate?
Caesar, Crassus, and Pompeius
