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Semester 4 and 5 > History Exam 1 > Flashcards

History Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

define government

A

institutions and processes through which societies are governed

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2
Q

define institutions

A

formal or informal rules and procedures

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3
Q

define politics

A

way people negotiate and compete in making a collective decision

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4
Q

define power

A

capacity to bring about intended effects

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5
Q

define authority

A

right to rule accepted by the population

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6
Q

define regime

A

political system based on a set of principles, norms, and rules

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7
Q

what is the object of study + examples

A

unit of analysis like countries, states, political parties

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8
Q

what is level of study

A

the level of analysis

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9
Q

macro-level examples

A

political systems, countries, states

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10
Q

micro-level examples

A

individuals, voters

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11
Q

what was john locke known for

A

classical liberalism and political thought

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12
Q

what does state of nature entail

A

individuals’ natural rights are not protected

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13
Q

what does social contract entail

A

people consent to institute a civil government in order to protect their natural rights

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14
Q

what are the natural rights

A

life, liberty, property

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15
Q

what does classical liberalism entail

A

liberty, individual rights, limited government, equality under the law

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16
Q

what do we call whenever the british parliament was imposing taxes on the american colonists and they had no elected representatives

A

taxation without representation

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17
Q

what was the controversy between small states vs. large states

A

representation

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18
Q

key features and problems of the articles of confederation

A

states had most power, central gov could only handle national defense, foreign relations, and settling disputes amongst states
problems were that the central gov was too weak, they could not impose taxes or borrow money, couldn’t raise an army, and changes required consent from all states

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19
Q

what was the controversy of federal supremacy vs. state supremacy

A

federalism

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20
Q

what was the controversy of northern states vs. southern states

A

slavery

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21
Q

what was the controversy of liberty vs. stability

A

values

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22
Q

key features of virginia plan

A

bicameral legislature, population based representation, national gov can legislate for states and veto state law

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23
Q

what was the problem with slavery between northern and southern states in 1787

A

northern states had mostly gotten rid of it but southern states still had it

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24
Q

what was the problem of federal supremacy vs. state supremacy regarding federalism

A

federalists favored a strong nat gov w supremacy over states and they had the power to tax, legislate, and borrow money
anti federalists wanted states to govern themselves and they feared a tyrannical central gov

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25
Q

what was the problem of liberty vs. stability regarding values

A

liberty meant a new government should guarantee the rights of life, liberty, and property
and stability national gov should maintain order, and this might require it to limit personal liberty at times

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26
Q

what does it mean by bicameral legislature

A

two chambers one representing House of Representatives and the other Senate
HoR is based on each states pop
Senate is equal representation like 2 senators for each state
this gave congress more power to tax, coin + borrow money, mantain an army and regulate commerce and declare war

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27
Q

what was the 3 fifths compromise

A

southern states thought slaves should be counted as part of the population but northern states didn’t

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28
Q

what are the 3 separate branches of government that help prevent a tyrannical government

A

executive, legislative, judicial

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29
Q

another way to prevent a tyrannical government

A

checks and balances; each branch can restrict the power of the other two

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30
Q

explain the executive branch

A

president is in charge of military, handles foreign relationships, picks important judges and other officials, forgives people who have broken laws, and can reject laws aka veto

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31
Q

explain the judicial branch

A

the supreme court listens to important cases involving federal laws, can decide if laws by the gov are not allowed by constitution , and the chief justice aka leader of supreme court is in charge of impeachment trials for high gov officials

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32
Q

explain the legislative branch

A

congress makes laws, declares war, senate must approve treaties, senate must approve president’s choice for important jobs like judges, congress can remove president, and congress decides how many judges are on the supreme court and sets rules for what the court can handle

33
Q

political theories of the founders

A

classical liberalism and republicanism

34
Q

classical liberalism includes

A

liberty, natural rights, limited government, equality under the law

35
Q

republicanism includes

A

separation of powers (branches), checks and balances, and elected representatives

36
Q

explain the central federal gov vs. local state gov in a federal system

A

allows states to govern themselves in areas not covered by federal law, helping to restrict the central government’s authority by enumerated powers and 10th amendment which states that any powers not specifically given to the federal gov by the const are resrved for the states or the people

37
Q

what is the supremacy clause

A

constitution, federal laws, and treaties are the supreme law of the land so if there is a conflict between federal and state laws, federal law prevails

38
Q

what is the necessary and proper clause

A

grants congress the power to make all laws that are necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated powers so this allows congress to pass laws that are implied by its constitutional powers

39
Q

is the U.S. constitution democratic

A

it is a liberal democracy

40
Q

examples of classical liberalism

A

constitutionalism, bill of rights, limitation of govt powers

41
Q

examples of republicanism

A

3 branches of govt, bicameralism, electoral college

42
Q

first amendment

A

freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly and petition

43
Q

13 amendment

A

abolished slavery

43
Q

14 amendment

A

granted citizenship to african americans and equal protection under the law regardless of race

44
Q

15 amendment

A

extended the right to vote to all men regardless of race

45
Q

16 amendment

A

enabled the federal gov to collect revenue more directly from individuals

46
Q

17 amendment

A

direct election of US senators

47
Q

19 amendment

A

prohibits denying the right to vote based on sex basically allowed women to vote

48
Q

22 amendment

A

limited the president to two terms

49
Q

why didn’t the founders like direct democracy

A

they were scared it would lead to the tyranny of the majority they were concerned that direct democracy could endanger the rights of minorities and lead to potential abuses

50
Q

liberal democracy

A

majority rule (via elections), rights of the minority

51
Q

direct democracy

A

majority rule

52
Q

is the US a republic or a democracy

A

both, republic with separation of powers and liberal representative democracy

53
Q

Totalitarianism - authoritarian regime

A

no individual rights
no elections
complete state control

54
Q

autocracy - authoritarian regime

A

very limited individual rights
no elections
extensive state control

55
Q

electoral autocracy - hybrid regime

A

limited to moderate individual rights
unfair elections

56
Q

liberal autocracy - hybrid regime

A

moderate individual rights
no or unfair elections

57
Q

illiberal democracy - hybrid regime

A

limited to moderate individual rights
fair elections

58
Q

liberal democracy - liberal democratic regime

A

extensive individual rights
fair elections
limited state intrusion

59
Q

what happens in 1787

A

constitutional convention approves document for the new constitution but it first had to be ratified by 9/13 states

60
Q

greatest points of contention in the new constitution

A

stronger federal government relative to the states
did not guarantee specific individual rights and liberties

61
Q

federalists vs. anti federalists

A

federalists supported ratification, agreed w a stronger nat gov and were strong in new england
anti federalists opposed ratification they feared the power of nat gov and were strong in the south

62
Q

constitutional change of articles of confederation

A

unanimity of states needed to change the constitution
new constitution needed no unanimity

63
Q

since ratification in 1789, the constitution has been amended how many times

A

27

64
Q

when were the first ten amendments added?

A

1791

65
Q

what was added to assuage anti federalists and to guarantee basic individual rights and liberties

A

the bill of rights

66
Q

federalist n. 10

A

madison is highlighting how the federal system’s division of powers between national and state governments creates a balanced approach that manages both national and local interests effectively

67
Q

federalist no. 39

A

madison explains that the new gov has national and federal elements. the HoR operates nationally by representing individuals based on population, while the Senate operates on a federal level by representing states equally

68
Q

federalist no. 51

A

madison argues that the federal system of the US provides enhanced protection for individual rights by creating multiple layers of gov and separation of powers which prevents any entity from becoming too powerful

69
Q

federal government

A

handles matters that affect the country as a whole

70
Q

state governments

A

handle matters that lie within their regions

71
Q

judicial system

A

federal courts adjudicate conflicts between federal and state governments and between states

72
Q

more decentralized

A

confederation - central gov - subnational gov - voters

73
Q

middle of alternatives to federal system

A

federation - subnat gov | central gov - voters

74
Q

more enctralized

A

subnat gov - central gov - voters

75
Q

enumerated powers

A

powers granted to the federal government in constitution

76
Q

reserved powers

A

powers not granted to the federal gov in the constitution and reserved to states

77
Q

concurrent powers

A

powers shared by federal and state govs

78
Q

denied powers

A

federal gov - change state boundaries, violate bill of rights
state gov - tax imports and exports, coin money, enter into treaties

Semester 4 and 5 (6 decks)

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